锆微弧氧化表面处理技术研究进展

锆及锆合金是重要的核结构材料和有潜力的生物医用材料,但在实际应用中,腐蚀、磨损易造成其失效,而适当的表面改性是提高它们服役性能的有效手段。重点介绍了锆及锆合金微弧氧化（MAO）表面处理技术的研究现状,讨论微弧氧化过程中电压电流特征及微弧放电机理,总结电解液体系及电参数对锆微弧氧化膜生长及膜层性能的影响规律,最后指出目前存在的问题和后续的研究方向。锆微弧氧化膜硬度高,致密性好,能大幅度提升基材的抗磨损和抗腐蚀性能。因此,锆微弧氧化技术在核电及生物医学领域有着很好的应用前景。此外,电解液中铝、硅元素进入微弧氧化膜后可以稳定膜层中高温氧化锆相（t-ZrO2）,避免膜层中应力集中和微裂纹的产生。用P和Ca元素修饰后的锆微弧氧化膜具有较好的生物活性、抗体液腐蚀和抗菌性能。     

The drillstring dynamic frequency domains modes and mode shapes characteristics of compound drilling for the high-quality slim borehole

High-quality borehole is crucial to hydrogen underground storage (HUS) and oil & gas development, while compound drilling plays an important role in improving borehole quality. The modal model of compound drillstring in slim borehole is established by using finite element method to analyze the modal of longitudinal vibration, lateral vibration and torsional vibration. The results shows that as the number of order increases, the intrinsic frequency of the three vibrations increases. The amplitude of axial vibration is the largest, and the amplitude of lateral vibration is smallest. The natural frequency of drillstring in slim borehole decreases as drillstring length increasing. The longer drillstring is, the smaller the interval frequency between the intrinsic frequencies of orders will be, and it is easier to cause resonance. The axial vibration will cause minimal damage to the HUS quality. Lateral vibration has the greatest damage to wellbore quality, and is the most unfavorable for the establishment of HUS channels. The damage of torsional vibration to the HUS is less than the lateral vibration and larger than axial vibration. The higher the vibration frequency and amplitude, the harder it is to improve the HUS quality. In order to improve the quality of HUS, the weight on bit (WOB) and rotary per minutes (RPM) should be adjusted at the same time for lateral shock, and the WOB should be mainly reduced for controlling the axial and torsional vibration. The results are benefit for the drillstring design, improving the wellbore quality and HUS quality.     

Analysis of millisecond collision of composite high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder

For vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders, impact resistance is an important indicator. This work aims at building a model of 70 MPa composite fully wound Ⅳ cylinder around T800 carbon fiber material, investigating the law of transient changes in the body of the bottle under different velocity impacts and the source of risk of bursting. Through millisecond impact analysis, the energy transfer path and transformation trend inside the cylinder are obtained. Meanwhile, it was found that there was a clear pattern of positive correlation between the tensile and compressive stresses generated by the difference between the internal pressure of the bottle and the impact pressure. The final results show that after the impact, the failure occurred firstly at the inner wall of the fiber corresponding to the impact point, and the fiber damage spreads in all directions. The thickness of the failure pavement increases from the inside to the outside.     

Multi-objective optimal droop control of solid oxide fuel cell based integrated energy system

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based integrated energy system (IES) is promising in the future low-carbon power generation market, due to the high efficiency and flexibility. However, it is challenging for the dynamic control design in dealing with the conflicting objectives in terms of fast power tracking and overall efficiency during the transient process of load response. To this end, this paper develops a multi-objective optimal droop control strategy for the real-time power dispatch of the IES. Firstly, a nonlinear implicit dynamic model consisting of SOFC, lithium-ion battery, photovoltaic array and DC-DC converter is developed. Then, a multi-objective optimization is formulated to balance the power tracking performance and transient efficiency. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is adopted to search the optimal parameters for droop controller. Simulation results demonstrates that the electricity loss of the proposed method can be reduced by 96.26% with a slight compromise in power tracking performance.     

Quantifying helium distribution in dual-ion beam irradiated SiCf/SiC composites by electron energy loss spectroscopy

In this study, we report a method to quantify the helium distribution in the SiC_f/SiC composites, which are used as the first-wall materials of fusion reactor. The helium-bubble formation in Hi-Nicalon Type-S (HNS) was observed in the irradiated SiC_f/SiC composites at a level of 100 dpa and at 800 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. We applied transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to investigate the helium-gas-bubbles-formation mechanisms. To simulate the practical first-wall environment of Deuterium–Tritium (D–T) fusion reactor, a dual-ion beam (6 MeV Si³⁺ and 1.13 MeV He⁺) was performed to irradiate the SiC_f/SiC composites. The relationship between the energy shift of He K-edge and the radius of the bubble of the SiC composites was estimated by electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis. The results show that all of the helium atoms irradiated at 1000 °C and formed the bubbles. On the other hand, at 800 °C, only 25.5% of the helium atoms form the helium bubbles. A clear thermal-dependent formation mechanism is found.     

Observations on patterns in foreign material investigations

Foreign material in foods (glass, plastic, metal, etc.) is the biggest single source of customer complaints received by many food manufacturers, retailers and enforcement authorities. This paper, presented in two parts, contains a comprehensive review of different types of foreign matter reported in food and drink and referred to CCFRA for examination during the past 20 years. In addition, it provides information on 2347 incidents of foreign matter contamination reported as part of a Food Standards Agency funded project on Breakdowns in Food Safety.     

金属表面液相等离子体电解渗硼技术

金属表面液相等离子体电解渗技术包括等离子体电解渗碳、渗氮、渗硼等。它具有渗透效率高、工作电压低、处理工艺简单、成本低等优点。主要介绍了钢铁、钛等金属表面等离子体电解渗硼技术的最新进展,分析了它的放电过程和基本原理,研究了渗硼过程的光发射谱,并评估了等离子体放电区的电子温度、电子浓度特征参数。分析了渗硼层的生长过程和形成机理,探讨了金属基体成分、工作电压、处理温度和电解液的组成等关键参数,对渗硼层的显微组织和相成分的影响。最后简要探讨了等离子体电解渗硼技术目前存在的问题和后续的发展方向。     

Radiation-induced branching and crosslinking of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)

The effect of electron beams on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) at elevated temperatures above the melting point on oxygen-free conditions has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile test. The investigations have shown that the chemical structure and several properties of PTFE are greatly altered by the irradiation. DSC and WAXS indicate that the crystallinity of the PTFE irradiated with high doses is reduced. CF₃ side groups and branched structures are assumed to hinder the crystallization. TGA has shown that the thermal stability of the radiation-modified PTFE is considerably lower than that of unirradiated PTFE.     

Analytical model for multi-junction solar cells prediction in space environment

Multi-junction solar cells, as other semiconductor devices, suffer degradation of their electrical and physical properties under particle irradiation (electrons and protons) in space environment. In this paper we present an analytical model in order to make predictions of multi-junction solar cells (GaInP/GaAs/Ge) degradation in space environment.