Electromagnetic wave-transparent porous silicon nitride ceramic prepared by gel-casting combined with in-situ nitridation reaction

To achieve the balance between mechanical properties and electromagnetic wave-transparent properties of porous silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), the key is to form an interlocking microstructure constituted by columnar β-Si₃N₄ crystals. This structure can be realized by liquid-phase sintering. However, grain boundaries which affect high temperature properties and volume shrinkage during sintering are inevitable. We proposed a strategy to realize this structure by gel-casting of β-Si₃N₄ whisker (Si₃N_4w) and Si powder followed by in-situ nitridation of Si. To achieve chemically-stable slurry containing micro-sized Si with low viscosity, a novel formulation was developed. Two key structural parameters of the interlocking Si₃N_4w network, i.e., density of the Si₃N_4w skeleton and inter-whisker bonding mode, were adjusted by composition of raw materials and nitridation temperature. The flexural strength, dielectric constant and loss of the porous ceramics are 44.9 MPa, 2.7 and 2 × 10⁻³, when the volume fraction of Si₃N_4w/Si is 5 and the nitriding temperature is 1400 °C.     

Simulating macroscopic behavior of self-compacting mixtures with DEM

Development of proper rheological models and suitable numerical methods are necessary for a thorough understanding of the basic flow properties of fresh mortar or concrete. Main challenge for models is to find a quantitative correlation between the model parameters and the properties and proportions of the mix ingredients. This paper presents a modeling approach for the rheological behavior of fresh self-compacting mixtures using a Discrete Element Method (DEM). The employed method is based on a conceptual idea where the grain-paste-grain interactions are explicitly described as an interactive two-phase paste-bridge system. Each mixture is considered to be an assembly of mutually interacting “grain-paste-grain” systems which can be characterized according to the mix composition with help of the “excess paste theory”. Macroscopic slump flow predictions are evaluated by laboratory tests. Simulations and experimental test results show good agreement.     

作战工程保障行动中的一种战士-装备-任务指派模型及其求解

围绕作战工程保障行动中战士、装备和任务的指派问题,构建了一个包括战士操作水平、装备技术状态和协作影响因素的三维指派模型。考虑战士多技能、装备多功能的战备要求和“人歇车不歇”作战原则,给出了该模型的约束条件。基于目标函数和约束条件的形式,采用虚拟装备法将多功能装备分解为单功能装备的组合,并在此基础上设计了一套快速求解算法。实例分析结果表明：该指派模型能够实现作战工程保障行动中最优指派方案的求解;同时快速求解算法可以极大地缩小可行域,从而显著提高求解效率。     

基于GA-NLP的剪刀式折叠桥梁展桥机构多目标优化设计

针对新型剪刀式折叠桥梁展桥机构的优化设计问题,首先建立了展桥机构的运动学和静力学模型,然后以展桥机构关键铰点位置和岸桥节与竖直方向所成夹角为优化设计变量,以展桥机构的空间位置为主要约束条件,以展桥油缸、连杆、关键铰点受力峰值最小为优化目标,通过正规化和加权处理构造了展桥机构多目标优化分析模型,并采用遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）和非线性规划(nonlinear programming, NLP)混合算法对该优化分析模型进行求解。最后,利用ADAMS（automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems,机械系统动力学自动分析）软件验证了展桥机构多目标优化分析模型的正确性。结果表明,优化后展桥油缸承载的拉力与推力峰值分别减小了57.9%和25.3%,连杆承载的拉力与压力峰值分别减小了26.1%和55.2%,展桥机构2个关键铰点受力峰值分别减小了23.5%和26.8%。研究结果可为展桥机构的改进设计提供理论依据。     

High-temperature properties and associated structure evolution of continuous SiNO fiber-reinforced BN composites for wave transparency

Continuous SiNO fiber-reinforced boron nitride (SiNO_f/BN) composites for high-temperature wave transparency have been fabricated by a precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) process using borazine as the BN precursor. The evolution of the properties of the composites at elevated temperatures have been measured in terms of strength, dielectric constant, and loss tangent, and the associated structure evolution has been investigated by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, and FTIR. A flexural strength of 138 MPa was maintained up to 1200 °C. Deterioration of the mechanical properties at elevated temperature was due to crystallization of the amorphous SiNO fibers into Si₂N₂O and internal pore formation, coupled with interface reactions. The composites display a low dielectric constant of 3.38 and a low loss tangent of 0.0017, which increases slightly with temperature due in part to the crystallization into Si₂N₂O and high-temperature polarization. The high-temperature mechanical properties and good dielectric properties of these composites make them useful for wave transparency.     

Low-cost preparation of Si3N4–SiC micro/nano composites by in-situ carbothermal reduction of silica in silicon nitride matrix

SiC/Si₃N₄ nano/micro composites were prepared from a mixture of α-Si₃N₄, amorphous carbon (carbon black), and Y₂O₃ by carbothermal reduction of SiO₂ present at the surface of Si₃N₄ matrix grains, or added deliberately to the starting mixture. A special heating regime allowed the outgassing of CO(g) (a product of carbothermal reduction) and reduced the residual porosity to less than 2%. The inter- and intragranular SiC inclusions containing the amorphous oxygen-rich layer at the interface between SiC and the Si₃N₄ grains were present, originating from the reaction of free carbon with the silica melt. The reaction consumes silica in the grain boundary phase. The change of the grain boundary chemistry influences both room and high temperature properties of the nanocomposite.     

面向复杂障碍场的多智能体系统集群避障模型

针对在地面战场中机器人集群执行任务时的避障问题,建立复杂障碍场中多智能体系统集群避障模型。障碍体采用多边形进行几何建模,减少最小外接圆（球）描述时造成的通道变窄或堵死的概率。基于人工势能方法,给出智能体与智能体、智能体与障碍体、智能体与目标相互作用的数学模型和求解流程：以智能体外心与多边形障碍体内心、外心、边的相互关系,确定障碍体的排斥边和排斥区域;以智能体外心、多边形障碍体边以及目标的相互关系,确定多边形障碍体的捕获边和智能体的临时目标,解决智能体被多边形障碍体边捕获的问题。仿真结果表明：不论静态目标还是动态目标,该模型都可以实现多智能体系统的集群避障控制,验证了其实用性和有效性。     

预防连续箱梁施工裂缝的温度监测与有限元分析

研究混凝土浇筑初期内部温度应力不均匀分布特征和预防温度裂缝的有效措施,以西安至铜川高速公路渭河特大桥某0＃箱梁为研究对象,以MIDAS／FEA(multitier distributed applications services／finite element analysis)有限元分析软件为计算平台,采用有限单元法对施工期混凝土水化热温度场进行了数值模拟计算,分析了3种不同防裂工程措施的理论效果,并结合温度监测进行了工程措施的优化。结果表明:混凝土浇筑52h左右内部温升达到高峰,有无冷却水管的箱梁内部最高温度温差在10℃左右,在内外温差20℃左右时拆除模板时机较为恰当;箱梁腹板与横隔板交界处温度应力集中,设置冷却水管改善温度应力分布效果明显。与其他研究结果相比,采取温度监测与有限元计算全过程动态分析方法优化防裂工程措施效果较好。     

基于图像与数据双层融合的高光谱图像拼接

针对传统拼接技术对图像信息利用率不足的问题,提出一种基于图像与数据双层融合的高光谱图像拼接技术。对于图像层,采用尺度不变特征变换算法对图像进行特征提取,使用欧氏距离确定特征匹配范围,根据坐标转换关系对特征进行匹配,完成图像层的拼接;对于数据层,首先将数据拆分高、低位数据,然后采用加权和法计算数据的新值并对其进行拼接,最后通过位移运算合并高、低位数据,完成数据层的拼接;最后将图像与数据按照BIL方式进行存储,完成图像与数据的双层融合。在某地域进行高光谱图像拼接实验,实验结果表明图像层和数据层的平均拼接精度分别为0.9214和0.9663,说明该技术具有有效性和准确性。