5052 铝合金表面钛锆基转化膜的制备及耐蚀性

目的研究铝合金表面非铬酸盐高耐蚀性转化膜的制备工艺。方法以K2Zr F6和K2Ti F6为主盐,KMn O4为氧化剂,Na F为成膜促进剂,在5052铝合金表面制备化学转化膜。采用SEM,EDS,FT-IR,XPS对转化膜的形貌、结构以及成分进行分析,通过硫酸铜点滴实验、全浸蚀实验和极化曲线对转化膜的耐蚀性进行研究。结果获得了土黄色转化膜,主要由Al F3·3H2O,Al Ox/Al,Al2O3,Mn O2和Ti O2组成。转化处理后,铝合金的腐蚀电位正移了约591 m V,腐蚀电流密度由1.10μA/cm2降低为0.48μA/cm2。经过封闭处理后,腐蚀电流密度降低为0.04μA/cm2,耐蚀性明显提高。结论以K2Zr F6和K2Ti F6为主盐在铝合金表面形成的土黄色化学转化膜具有良好的耐蚀性。     

The physical and mechanical properties of composite cements manufactured with calcareous and clayey Greek diatomite mixtures

The aim of the present study is to test diatomite rocks as alternative pozzolanic materials that could be used for the manufacturing of pozzolanic cements in Greece. The diatomite rocks used occur in Samos Island and in the Elassona, Greece. The Samos diatomites were mainly consisted of calcite and opal-A, whereas the Elassona diatomite consisted of opal-A, clay minerals, feldspars and quartz. As a result, the Samos samples were rich in CaO and SiO₂, while the Elassona ones were rich in SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃. The specific surface of the laboratory-produced cements was high, with the grindability of the Elassona diatomites being lower than that of Samos. The water demand of all blended cements was higher than that of the laboratory produced OPC. The late compressive strength of most diatomite cements studied was improved with respect to the lab OPC.     

New 3D stratified Si-Ca-P porous scaffolds obtained by sol-gel and polymer replica method: Microstructural,mineralogical and chemical characterization

The aim of this research was to develop and characterize a novel stratified porous scaffold for future uses in bone tissue engineering. In this study, a calcium silicophosphate porous scaffold, with nominal composition 29.32 wt% SiO₂ – 67.8 wt% CaO – 2.88 wt% P₂O₅, was produced using the sol-gel and polymer replication methods. Polyurethane sponges were used as templates which were impregnated with a homogeneous sol solution and sintered at 950 °C and 1400 °C during 8 h. The characteristics of the 3D stratified porous scaffolds were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, Diametric Compression of Discs Test and Hg porosimetry techniques. The result showed highly porous stratified calcium silicophosphate scaffolds with micro and macropores interconnected. Also, the material has a diametrical strength dependent on the number of layers of the stratified scaffolds and the sintering temperature.     

镍铝青铜合金海水腐蚀行为研究进展

如何提高镍铝青铜的综合性能,尤其是在更苛刻海水环境条件下的耐腐蚀性能,成为亟待解决的问题.本文针对镍铝青铜合金的腐蚀特点、影响因素、提高耐蚀性的方法等进行了系统讨论,分析了存在的问题,提出了相应的解决途径,并对其未来的研究发展方向进行了展望.     

故宫石质螭首健康状况无损检测及评估预研究

目的通过无损检测方法评估故宫石质螭首风化和安全程度。方法首先在现场选取6个螭首进行无损检测,获取各项风化指标(表面风化程度、裂缝大致情况、孔洞、回弹强度、酥粉质量)和安全等级指标(裂缝性质、裂缝数量等具体值,超声波波速、回弹强度)。在实验室模拟风化、破损试验,建立超声波波速、回弹强度与抗折强度的曲线关系。最后通过德尔菲法建立评价体系,采用加权平均法获得各螭首的风化等级、安全等级。结果石材的抗折强度、超声波波速和回弹强度的曲线关系式为fk=0.0004V~(0.4393)R~(2.9302)。确定了6个螭首的风化程度和安全状况水平,其中构件2的表面风化程度最弱、最安全;构件6的安全情况最差,急需采取有效防范措施。结论该无损检测和健康程度评估研究方法是一种简单、快速、可量化的评价方法,其成果可用于石质文物健康状况的检测和评估工程,以获得其风化等级、安全等级,并作为文物管理决策的依据。     

抗菌低表面能复合型海洋防污涂料的研究进展

海洋生物污损给海洋工程与装备带来了巨大的困难与挑战,低表面能型海洋防污涂料由于环境友好,近年来已发展成为防污涂料研究与开发的重点。通过在低表面能防污涂料中引入抗菌剂,制备具有复合功能的防污涂料,可进一步提高涂料的综合防污能力。针对该技术背景,首先对海洋防污涂料的技术原理和低表面能防污涂料的研究现状进行了简要介绍,分析了该类型防污涂料的技术优势,同时提出了其静态防污能力差、对细菌型污损生物抗污性能弱的技术短板;然后,围绕低表面能防污涂料抗菌复合改性这一焦点问题,从添加型和结构型2种抗菌复合改性方式入手,分别阐述了各自涂料的适用抗菌剂种类、主要制备方式和改性后涂料综合防污性能的相关研究成果;在此基础上,梳理了以上2类抗菌复合防污涂料存在的问题,并提出了针对性的解决途径;最后,提出了无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂应用于防污涂料的未来研究方向,并对抗菌低表面能复合型海洋防污涂料的发展与应用前景进行了展望。     

On the preparation of a monoclinic (nearly) single crystal of zeolite HZSM-5

HZSM-5 appears to be ferroelastic. Application of a uniaxial mechanical stress during the orthorhombic/monoclinic transition of zeoltie HZSM-5 changes the population of the monoclinic twin domains. The volume fraction of one of the twin mates is changed from 0.5 (before application of mechanical stress) to 0.06 in the crystal studied.     

气体扩散电极制备条件与氧还原反应活性关系的研究

在改变催化层中聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、造孔剂含量和热压压力等条件下制备气体扩散电极,通过计时电位法、阴极极化曲线对气体扩散电极进行测定,并将其结果用最小二乘法拟合得出电极的制备条件与氧气还原反应电化学参数之间的关系。电化学测试结果表明,各种条件下制备的电极的阴极极化过程都符合Rho提出的半经验公式规律;当气体扩散电极催化层PTFE面密度3.33 mg/cm2、造孔剂(NH4)HCO3面密度1.05 mg/cm2以及热压压力3.69 MPa时,气体扩散电极的氧还原活性最佳。     

Boron bridged NiN4B2Cx single-atom catalyst for superior electrochemical CO2 reduction

Single-atom nickel catalysts hold great promise in the application of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR), but suffer from the sluggish kinetics and serious competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which restrict their overall catalytic performance. Herein, we report a boron-bridging strategy to manipulate the atomic coordination structure and construct a single-atom nickel catalyst with an active center of NiN₄B₂ to realize excellent CO₂RR performance. Density functional theory analysis suggests that the unique NiN₄B₂ sites with tuned electronic structure facilitate the adsorption of CO₂ molecules and effectively suppress the HER pathway by increasing corresponding energy barrier. As-obtained Ni-SAs@BNC catalyst with a NiN₄B₂ structure exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity than commonly used single-atom nickel catalysts with a NiN₄ structure, especially at high applied potentials. A high current density of up to (214 ± 21) mA cm⁻² at a potential of −1.2 V with a high CO Faraday efficiency (FE_CO) of ∼97% was achieved in a flow cell. This work inspires new insights into the rational design of atomic coordination structure of single-atom catalysts with tunable electronic structure for superior electrocatalytic activities.     

Mechanical properties improvements in two-phase and three-phase composites using carbon nano-fiber dispersed resin

Static strength tests were carried out for cured carbon nano-fiber (CNF) dispersed resin as tow-phase composites and for CFRP laminates using CNF dispersed resin as three-phase composites. To obtain these CFRP laminates, the CNF dispersed resin was impregnated to CF reinforcement and cured by hot press. The CNF used was a cup-stacked type of nano-fiber, CARBERE^®, made by GSI CREOS Corporation, Japan. Two CNF aspect ratios of 10 and 50 were employed. These fiber lengths of the CNF were controlled about 1000 nm (AR10) and 5000 nm (AR50), respectively. The CNF was dispersed to EPIKOTE 827^® epoxy resin in two values of CNF weight ratios, 5 and 10% to the resin. TORAYCA^® C6343 plain woven fabric was used for reinforcement of the CFRP laminates. The cure condition with the agent of aromatic amine EPIKURE W^® was 100 °C for two hours followed by a post cure of 175 °C for 4 h. The static strength tests led to the conclusion that the dispersion of CNF into epoxy improves mechanical properties of the tow-phase composites, and that CFRP laminates with CNF dispersed resin also exhibit higher compressive strength than CFRP laminates without CNF as control. Possibilities of improvement in mechanical properties were confirmed in the two and three-phase composites. Moreover, a proportional tendency in strength improvements to CNF weight content was found in the two present composites so far in the present test results.