Characteristics of Left-Right Spiral Hollow Cylindrical Roller

Based on new rolling-sliding compound bearings,the wear between the one-way spiral hollow cylindrical roller and the ribs of the inner and outer ring of rolling-sliding compound bearings is reduced by innovational structural design. A new left-right spiral hollow cylindrical roller is proposed to replace the one-way spiral hollow cylindrical roller. The finite element analysis models of ordinary cylindrical rollers,one-way spiral hollow cylindrical rollers and left-right spiral hollow cylindrical rollers are respectively established by ABAQUS.The axial displacement of their center mass and the stress distribution of left-right spiral hollow cylindrical rollers are compared and analyzed. Theoretical study results show that this new left-right spiral hollow cylindrical roller not only inherits the advantages of one-way spiral hollow cylindrical rollers,but also avoids the axial offset and the serious wear of the one-way spiral hollow cylindrical roller. And the theory research conclusion is verified by the experiment. The left-right spiral hollow cylindrical roller has the advantages to overcome boundary stress concentration like logarithmic convex roller. The rolling-sliding compound bearings equipped with the new rollers can be better to adapt to the impact of vibration load.     

铁道车辆轮轨接触疲劳的影响因素

随着铁路客货运量的增大和列车速度的提高,使得高速铁路的轨道必然比普通线路具有更高的安全性、可靠性和平顺性,为保证轨道结构的这些要求,轨道各部件的力学性能、使用性能和组成为结构的整体性能都比普通轨道部件高,但在高速铁路轨道上仍然存在很多问题。目前,轮轨接触疲劳是最常见的轮轨问题,国内外许多学者对此做了研究。导致机车车辆轮轨接触疲劳的因素有很多,指出了当下一些常见的轮轨接触疲劳损伤形式,同时对滚动接触疲劳的影响因素进行了简要分析。为了研究疲劳损伤产生、发展的机理和影响因素,通过查阅大量资料,了解了各种常见损伤的产生和发展机理,并总结了在该领域的研究方向与热点,同时指出了当下高速铁路建设中存在的技术难题。结合轮轨接触疲劳的失效形式和磨损的特点,从材料对踏面的影响、高速与重载对轮轨接触疲劳的影响、润滑剂对轮轨裂纹增长的影响等方面,进一步提出预防和减缓钢轨接触疲劳损伤的具体措施。     

钢丝绳锈蚀、磨损缺陷识别研究

目的发展高性能、低成本基于图像处理技术的钢丝绳缺陷识别方法,实现钢丝绳磨损、锈蚀缺陷的检测。方法首先采用邻域平均法提取钢丝绳的灰度区域特征,接着建立了基于熵统计函数以描述、量化灰度分布特征与灰度波动特征,在此基础上,选取良品、锈蚀缺陷与磨损缺陷三种类型的样品进行区域灰度、灰度分布、灰度波动特征的量化与提取。结果经观测得到不同类型的样品在三维特征空间分布中具有明显的可区分性,基于该特点,可通过设置三维特征的阈值实现对钢丝绳合格品,锈蚀缺陷,磨损缺陷进行识别与区分。结论该基于图像处理的检测方法可高效、准确地实现了对钢丝绳的锈蚀、磨损缺陷的识别,不仅具有学术价值,更具有实用意义,非常适用于在线检测。     

基于 ANSYS 的车轮材料特性对轮轨接触应力的影响

目的随着我国铁路运输朝着高速、重载、低能耗的方向高速发展,高速列车轮轨承受的载荷显著增加,研究车轮材料特性(弹性模量、泊松比)对CRH3型动车组轮轨接触应力的影响,对保证列车安全性、可靠性及舒适性有重要的现实意义和应用价值。方法采用S1002型磨耗踏面轮对和60 kg/m的标准钢轨,首先对轮轨接触的模型做基本的假设,其次对模型参数、单元选择、网格划分等计算过程进行说明,最后应用弹塑性理论及有限元软件ANSYS分析轮轨接触应力。结果车轮材料弹性模量E分别为124,165,206,247,288 GPa的情况下,轮轨接触对应的最大Mises应力依次为315.451,370.458,435.498,500.274,554.604 MPa,最大接触压力依次为669.264,802.328,920.832,1033.87,1135.19MPa;在车轮材料泊松比分别为0.18,0.24,0.30,0.36,0.42的情况下,轮轨接触对应的最大Mises应力依次为468.035,450.601,435.498,422.587,415.412 MPa,最大接触压力依次为903.068,911.168,920.832,936.339,961.234 MPa。结论车轮材料的弹性模量对轮轨接触应力有显著的影响,最大Mises应力和最大接触应力的变化与弹性模量的变化呈正比关系;泊松比对轮轨接触应力也有一定的影响。     

转向架用 SMA490BW 钢对接接头应力集中系数有限元分析

目的分析转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头的应力集中系数,提高转向架焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能,保障高速列车的安全可靠运行。方法对转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头的超高周疲劳试样进行有限元建模,应用有限元软件ABAQUS计算不同焊趾过渡圆弧半径、焊趾倾角下接头的应力集中系数,并通过Origin软件分析建立应力集中系数(Kt)与焊趾过渡圆弧半径(r)、焊趾倾角(θ)的关系。结果当r=0.2 mm,θ分别为10°,20°,30°,40°,50°,60°时,Kt分别为1.391,1.747,1.976,2.263,2.425,2.525;当θ=30°,r分别为0.2,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,4 mm时,Kt分别为1.976,1.763,1.535,1.419,1.345,1.306,1.257,1.201。结论应力集中在对接接头焊趾处较大,r和θ对Kt有显著影响。r相同时,Kt随θ的增大而增大;θ相同时,Kt随r的增大而减小。应力集中系数关系方程对于焊趾处应力集中的改善以及转向架对接接头的超声疲劳试样设计具有指导意义。     

Synthesis of carbon–silica core–shell nanofibers from a dispersion of fluorinated carbon nanofibers in solvated polysiloxane

Carbon–silica core–shell fibers (which unusually consist of carbon nanofibers coated with silica) were synthesized using a two-step process. First, fluorination of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) allows their homogenous dispersion into a polysiloxane matrix. A longlife dispersion of nanofibers in solvated polysiloxane has been prepared. Second, the polysiloxane/fluorinated carbon was thermally treated in air until 700 °C. Defluorination and conversion of polysiloxane into silica occur and result in carbon–silica core–shell fibers. The thermal treatment of the polysiloxane/carbon and the resulting silica/carbon–silica core–shell nanostructures were investigated using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance using ¹⁹F, ¹³C ¹H, and ²⁹Si nuclei, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopies.     

A method to fabricate hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic acid) microspheres intended for biomedical application

The interaction between organic and inorganic materials enables one to fabricate inorganic/organic microsphere composites. In a novel microemulsion method, we have prepared surfactant-free poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) microspheres by using the interfacial interaction between inorganic and organic materials, because surfactants are undesireble materials for biomedical applications due to their non-biodegradability. The studies that varied the ion concentrations in oil/water microemulsions revealed that HAp was nucleated at the end group PLA, COOH, and the array of the PLA end groups determined the crystal phase of the calcium phosphate as HAp under the low ion concentration condition. PLA induced the nucleation and precipitation of HAp at the oil/water interface, simultaneously, the precipitated HAp stabilized the microemulsion without surfactants. This novel process made surfactants unnecessary for organic/inorganic microsphere fabrications.     

Efficient anomaly detection in surveillance videos based on multi layer perception recurrent neural network

Surveillance frameworks actualized in true environment are strong in nature. As the environment is uncertain and dynamic, the surveillance turns out to be increasingly perplexing when contrasted with a static and controlled environment. Effective anomaly identification in the video surveillance is a difficult issue because of spilling, video noise, anomalies, and goals. This examination work proposes a background deduction approach dependent on Maximally Stable Extremal Region (MSER) highlight extraction technique with the ongoing profound learning structure of Multi-layer perception recurrent neural network (MLP-RNN) that is fit for distinguishing multiple objects of various sizes by pixel-wise foreground investigating framework. The proposed algorithm takes as information a reference (without anomaly) and an objective edge, both transiently adjusted, and outputs a segmentation guide of same spatial goals where the featured pixels meaning the recognized anomalies, which ought to be all the components not present in the reference outline. Besides, examine the advantages of various remaking strategies to the reestablish unique picture goals and exhibit the improvement of leftover designs over the littler and more straightforward models proposed by past comparable works. The simulation results are shows serious execution in the tried dataset, just as constant handling ability as compared with existing methods.     

碳化硅纳米纤维改性C/C复合材料的力学性能

以电镀Ni颗粒为催化剂,采用催化化学气相沉积(CCVD)法,在单向炭纤维(CF)表面原位生长碳化硅纳米纤维(SiCNF),制备出SiCNF/CF共增强毡体。以此共增强毡体为前驱体,化学气相沉积碳后得到密度为1.7g/cm3的SiCNF改性C/C复合材料。复合材料力学性能测试表明,SiCNF改性可使C/C复合材料的抗弯强度、抗压强度和显微硬度明显提高。扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜观察表明,SiCNF改性处理改变了C/C复合材料中基体炭的结构,使其成为类似粗糙层(RL)或高织构的结构。     

Preparation,crystallization behaviors,and mechanical properties of biodegradable composites based on poly(L-lactic acid) and recycled carbon fiber

The biodegradable composites based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and recycled carbon fiber (RCF) were prepared through melting extrusion. The surface-treatment of RCF with silane coupling agent enhanced the interfacial adhesion between RCF and PLLA, and thus the PLLA/RCF composites achieved a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The morphologies of fracture surfaces indicated that the RCF obtained a homogeneous dispersion in PLLA matrix due to a good interfacial interaction. The investigations on the crystallization behaviors and kinetics demonstrated that the RCF acted as a nucleation agent for the crystallization of PLLA, and the crystallization rate and the nucleation density of PLLA matrix were improved remarkably due to the heterogeneous nucleating effect of RCF in the matrix. These features may be advantageous for the enhancement of mechanical properties, heat resistance, and processability of PLLA-based materials. The PLLA-based composites made from RCF can be used as low cost biodegradable materials for many applications.