锝萃取型发生器萃取锝初探

锝萃取型发生器技术是采用溶剂萃取的方法生产^99Tc^m。对锝萃取工艺条件进行了初步研究。由于锝与铼有相似的化学性质,实验中研究了在碱性体系中甲乙酮对铼的萃取行为,考察了萃取剂用量、碱液浓度、铼的浓度及水相中铝浓度对萃取铼的影响,在此基础上进行了^99Tc^m的示踪实验,实验结果表明：甲乙酮对^99Tc^m萃取率达99％。     

氢分子在Cu (111) 表面吸附与解离的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对氢分子与Cu (111) 表面的相互作用进行了研究。计算结果表明氢分子是否解离取决于氢分子距表面的初始距离和其初始构型。当氢分子垂直于Cu (111) 表面放置时,在距离表面0.37~4.0 ?范围内,氢分子与Cu (111) 表面相互作用后均不会解离,物理吸附在Cu (111) 表面;当氢分子平行于Cu (111) 表面放置时,有的氢分子解离成氢原子后化学吸附于表面六角 (hcp) 或面心 (fcc) 位。氢分子在桥位 (bri) 并沿[211]方向平行靠近Cu (111) 表面时,氢分子解离的临界距离约为1.35 ?,其他情况下在0.65~0.85 ?之间。     

Leaching Stability of Simulated Waste Forms for Immobilizing An3＋ by Gd2Zr2O7 with Nd3＋

In order to investigate the anti-leaching capability of pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 immobilized An3+, trivalent neodymium was used as the simulacrums for radioactive wastes with trivalence, Gd2-xNdxZr2O7(0.0x 2.0) series samples were successfully synthesized by high temperature solid reaction and using Gd2O3, Zr O2 powders as starting materials. The experiments of long-term chemical stability were conducted in synthetic seawater at 40 and 70 ℃. The XRD diffractive data and extraction ratio of as-received samples were collected with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD) instrument and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMass). The results indicate that the phases of as-received compounds keep the single phase of pyrochlore. The extraction ratio of Gd3+, Zr4+ and Nd3+ in waste forms is increasing with the increase of immersion time in synthetic seawater. The extraction ratio of waste forms at 70 ℃ is higher than at 40 ℃. The highest extraction ratio of Gd3+, Zr4+ and Nd3+ after 42 days is near 0.025 8, 0.003 8 and 0.045 2 μg·m L-1, respectively.     

Sequential ion-electron irradiation of zirconium carbide ceramics: Microstructural analysis

Zirconium Carbide (ZrC_x) was irradiated with 10 MeV Au³⁺ ions to a dose of 10 displacements per atoms (dpa) and subsequently with 100 and 300 keV electrons in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). After ion irradiation, dislocation loops were observed in the microstructure and an increase in the number of carbon vacancies was revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis showed that neither amorphization nor oxidation occurred during ion irradiation of the specimen. Subsequent electron irradiation of the pre-implanted ZrC_x foil led to formation of nanosized tetragonal ZrO₂ precipitates (5−10 nm diameter) on the surface of the TEM lamella. The formation of the new oxide phase was not related to the electron beam-induced heating of the specimen, but to electron stimulated oxidation caused by the residual oxygen inside the transmission electron microscope. Changes in size and density of ZrO₂ crystallites were observed between the pristine and ion irradiated ZrC_x regions following electron irradiation, suggesting that the initial microstructure of the ZrC_x substrate played a key role in the nucleation and growth of the oxide islands. The obtained results provide insights into the microstructural response of ZrC_x to different types of radiation and the inadvertent effects of the electron beam during TEM analysis of in-situ and ex-situ ion irradiated ZrC_x. Additionally, the findings of this work suggest a method to prepare local ZrO₂ nanoprecipitates within ZrC_x grains by selective electron beam irradiation.     

Preliminary study evaluating manual dexterity tests assessing gloves protecting against cuts and stabs by hand knives

The paper presents preliminary results on the research methodology of evaluating the ergonomic properties of gloves protecting against cuts and stabs by hand knives. Four manual dexterity tests were selected for the study: TEST 1: evaluation of fine finger movements pursuant to PN-EN 420; TEST 2: cylinder grip and pull test according to PN-EN 1082 evaluating gross movements of the arms and hands; TEST 3: Purdue Pegboard Test evaluating fine finger movements; TEST 4: evaluation of gross movements of the arms and hands while performing simulated occupational tasks. The tested gloves differed in terms of construction and material (metal mesh or knitwear incorporating a metal yarn) and were selected depending on the scope of work activities performed during meat cutting and boning. The tests were conducted on a homogeneous group of subjects. During the performance of the four dexterity tests, we monitored the loading of four groups of muscles of the upper limb (adductor pollicis, extensor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and biceps brachii) using surface electromyography (EMG). Additionally, subjective sensations concerning the strain on the upper limb were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.The objective of the study was to identify a group of tests that would be characterized by high sensitivity and ensure reliable assessment of gloves protecting against cuts and stabs by hand knives. The results showed that not all of the dexterity captured differences in the way the gloves affected dexterity. This was corroborated by electromyographic measurements, which revealed considerable differences in load of upper limb muscles when using various gloves and further supported by the subjective sensations of the participants, as reported in the questionnaire study. It was concluded that in order to reliably evaluate the ergonomic properties of gloves protecting against cuts and stabs by hand knives it is necessary to design new dexterity tests that would reflect actual workplace conditions, and could simulate occupational activities. Workplace observations helped to identify specific aspects of manual dexterity (fine, medium, gross), and types of hand movement associated with professional activities including different force configurations (finger flexion, wrist abduction, and pressing with the fingers and wrist). Based on those observations three new manual dexterity tests dedicated exclusively to evaluation of the ergonomic properties of gloves protecting against cuts and stabs by hand knives have been proposed.     

一步法制备芳基微孔聚酰亚胺及其性能表征

以均苯四酸二酐和多苯基多异氰酸酯为原料,采用一步合成法,通过浇注发泡成型,限定空间发泡,制备了一种孔径均匀的微孔聚酰亚胺材料。经红外光谱测定,在1 778cm-1、1 723cm-1、1 371cm-1处观察到聚酰亚胺特征峰。扫描电镜照片显示,所得聚酰亚胺微孔材料孔径均匀,闭孔结构,泡孔平均尺寸在0.2～0.3 mm之间,密度为0.4g/cm3。热失重分析结果表明,微孔聚酰亚胺样品的起始分解温度为550℃,热稳定性较好。力学性能测试结果表明,在样品形变量为10%时,抗压强度为6.12MPa。     

深次临界装置α本征值l算方法比较研究

编制了用3种方法独立计算a本征值的计算程序,并分析了深次临界情况下a本征值计算遇到困难的原因。计算结果表明:改进的直接法计算范围宽、精度高,是解决深次临界情况下a本征值计算困难的有效途径。     

氚灯亮度的Monte-Carlo模拟研究

本文基于氚灯物理模型,运用Monte-Carlo方法研究氚气压强和氚灯几何条件对氚灯亮度的影响,得到与文献实验值吻合较好的理论结果。该方法为氚灯工程设计和优化提供了有力的手段。     

钙钛锆石的自蔓延高温合成与热力学分析

基于自蔓延高温合成法,采用Fe₂O₃、CrO₃和Ca(NO₃)₂为氧化剂,Ti为还原剂制备了钙钛锆石。共设计了4个体系,计算了各体系的绝热温度,测量了各体系的实际燃烧温度,并探索了Ca(NO₃)₂为氧化剂时,TiO₂与Ti摩尔比（TiO₂∶Ti）对燃烧温度的影响。结果显示,所有体系均能自持发生,但以Fe₂O₃和CrO₃为氧化剂时,产物的主要物相为烧绿石(Ca₂Ti₂O₆)、Zr₅Ti₇O₂₄、钙钛矿(CaTiO₃)及少量TiO₂,以Ca(NO₃)₂为氧化剂时,各体系的主要物相均为钙钛锆石(CaZrTi₂O₇)、CaTiO₃及少量TiO₂。同时,以Ca(NO₃)₂为氧化剂时,随TiO₂∶Ti的降低,燃烧温度和绝热温度均逐渐升高。