In situ fabrication and characterization of cobalt ferrite nanorods/graphene composites

Cobalt ferrite nanorods/graphene composites were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal process using NaHSO₃ as the reducing agent and 1-propyl-3-hexadecylimidazolium bromide as the structure growth-directing template. The reduction of graphene oxide and the in situ formation of cobalt ferrite nanorods were accomplished in a one-step reaction. The structure and morphology of as-obtained composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Uniform rod-like cobalt ferrites with diameters of about 100 nm and length of about 800 nm were homogeneously distributed on the graphene sheets. The hybrid materials showed a saturation magnetization of 42.5 emu/g and coercivity of 495.1 Oe at room temperature. The electromagnetic parameters were measured using a vector network analyzer. A minimum reflection loss (RL) of − 25.8 dB was observed at 16.1 GHz for the cobalt ferrite nanorods/graphene composites with a thickness of 2 mm, and the effective absorption frequency (RL < − 10 dB) ranged from 13.5 to 18.0 GHz. The composites exhibited better absorbing properties than the cobalt ferrite nanorods and the mixture of cobalt ferrite nanorods and graphene.     

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面处理对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响机制

从工程化应用角度研究了常压空气等离子体改性对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的调节机制,主要分析了不同处理时间对UHMWPE纤维表面状态变化的影响,及其对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面黏结性能的影响规律。采用SEM及纤维吸水测试研究了等离子体处理对UHMWPE纤维表面物理形貌及纤维表面浸润性能的影响,分别以拉伸和弯曲的方式,通过纤维表面脱黏力及层合板层间剪切强度对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面黏结性能进行表征。结果表明,仅经过4 s的空气等离子体处理之后,UHMWPE纤维表面脱黏力的提高幅度为84.0%,UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的层间剪切强度由未处理的7.01 MPa提高至15.81 MPa,增幅高达125.5%。研究发现,通过常压空气等离子体处理改变了UHMWPE纤维的表面状态,可以显著高效地调节UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,为扩大该材料的后续工程化应用提供了理论基础。      

静电纺制备Fe3O4/PEK-C纳米复合膜及其吸波性能

静电纺丝技术是一种新颖、高效且简单的制备连续纳米纤维的方法,纳米复合纤维膜的优异特点赋予了纳米吸波剂新的吸波通道。本文采用静电纺丝工艺制备Fe3O4/PEK-C纳米复合纤维膜,利用SEM和TGA表征纳米复合纤维膜的微观形貌和热稳定性,用矢量网络分析仪测试样品在8.2~12.4 GHz的电磁参数与吸波性能。结果表明,Fe3O4/PEK-C纳米复合纤维膜呈现出超细纤维彼此交织构成的立体网络结构,其热稳定性、复介电常数和复磁导率均随着Fe3O4含量的增加而增加,介电损耗和磁损耗得到加强。当纳米复合纤维膜的厚度为1.8 mm时,其反射损耗在整个测试波段均处于-5 dB以下,-10 dB以下有效吸收频宽为2 GHz,频率在8.6 GHz处吸收强度达到最大值-15.4 dB。预期可作为隐身复合材料的吸波功能层。     

Surface molecular degradation of high performance carbon/bismaleimide composites induced by proton irradiation

This work aims to identify and describe the effects of proton irradiation in ultra high vacuum environment on the surface degradation of high performance carbon/bismaleimide composites used in aerospace. The changes in surface molecular structure and surface chemical composition with increasing irradiation fluence were studied by Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The evolution of surface morphology and surface roughness were characterized by atomic force microscopy. The results indicated that the proton irradiation caused surface degradation of the carbon/bismaleimide composites by altering their surface chemical structure and surface morphology. The surface chemical bonds were broken largely and the extent of carbonification at the surface layer of the composites was enhanced with increasing irradiation fluence. The increment in the carbon concentration and the sharp reduction in the oxygen and nitrogen concentration with increasing irradiation fluence were caused by the emission of some oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing small molecules from the material surface under high vacuum environment. The surface roughness firstly increased under the fluence lower than 5 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻², and then decreased after the irradiation fluence increased to some extent.     

Effects of vacuum thermal cycling on mechanical and physical properties of high performance carbon/bismaleimide composite

The aim of this article was to investigate the effects of vacuum thermal cycling on mechanical and physical properties of high performance carbon/bismaleimide (BMI) composites used in aerospace. The changes in dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The changes in linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured in directions perpendicular and parallel to the fiber direction, respectively. The outgassing behavior of the composites were examined. The evolution of surface morphology and surface roughness were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Changes in mechanical properties including transverse tensile strength, flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were measured. The results indicated that the vacuum thermal cycling could improve the crosslinking degree and the thermal stability of resin matrix to a certain extent, and induce matrix outgassing and thermal stress, thereby leading to the mass loss and the interfacial debonding of the composite. The degradation in transverse tensile strength was caused by joint effects of the matrix outgassing and the interfacial debonding, while the changes in flexural strength and ILSS were affected by a competing effect between the crosslinking degree of resin matrix and the fiber-matrix debonding.     

Synthesis and properties of a novel bismaleimide resin containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety and the blend systems thereof with epoxy resin

A new bismaleimide monomer, 2‐((4‐maleimidophenoxy)methyl)‐5‐(4‐maleimidophenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (Mioxd), was designed and synthesized. The chemical structure of the monomer was confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and its thermal properties were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mioxd as a reactive modifier was blended with epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) in weight ratio of 5, 10, and 15%, using 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as hardener. The effect of Mioxd addition on the cure behavior and thermal properties of the blend resins was studied by DSC, TGA, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). DSC investigations showed that the main exothermic peak temperature (T_p) of the blend systems did not obviously shift with increasing Mioxd content whereas a new shoulder appeared and gradually grew on the high temperature side of the exothermic peak. The results of DMA measurements exhibited the glassy storage modulus (G') and glass transition temperatures (T_g) increased as the Mioxd content was increased, the cured blends investigated were miscible and no phase separation occurred. Further, the thermal decomposition temperature first decreased and then increased, but the char yield at 600°C increased with an increase in Mioxd content. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

可溶性PPESK/氰酸酯树脂体系的制备与性能

采用热熔法制备了含氮杂萘聚醚砜酮(PPESK)/氰酸酯共混树脂体系。利用断裂韧性和弯曲实验考察了PPESK分子量对共混体系力学性能的影响规律,发现共混体系的临界应力强度因子(KIC)为1.00 MPa.m1/2～1.25 MPa.m1/2,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别为140 MPa～148 MPa和3.26 GPa～3.30 GPa。使用热变形测试和热失重分析法(TGA)研究了体系的耐热性,共混体系的热变形温度约为266℃,在N2气氛中5%热失重温度为415℃～428℃。对PPESK/氰酸酯树脂体系的介电性能测试结果表明,共混体系的介电常数和介电损耗角正切分别为3～3.2和0.006～0.007。     

Preparation and thermal properties of soluble poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper

A nanocomposite with soluble high-performance poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) as matrix and multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper (MWCNT-BP) as reinforcement was fabricated by hot-press processing. The morphologies, dynamic and static mechanical behavior, thermal stability of the MWCNT-BP/PPESK composites were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). SEM microphotographs revealed a high impregnation degree of the MWCNT-BP/PPESK composites. Dynamic and static mechanical analysis revealed that the nanocomposites possessed high storage modulus, and good retention rate of mechanical strength even at 250 °C, which is mainly attributed to satisfied impregnation and strong interactions between MWCNT-BP and PPESK. Thermogravimetric analysis exhibited that the nanocomposites had excellent thermal stability. These investigations confirm that MWCNT-BP can be effectively used to manufacture high-loading CNT/PPESK composites with improved properties.     

Technora纤维表面等离子体处理对其复合材料界面性能的影响

用扫描电子显微镜观察Technora纤维表面物理形貌并测量单丝纤维的拉伸强度以分析等离子体处理对纤维本体性能的影响,再用层间剪切强度和吸水率分别表征复合材料在室温干态和高温湿态下的界面性能,研究了等离子体处理对Technora纤维复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明,用等离子体处理后纤维表面的物理形貌发生了显著变化,复合材料的层间剪切强度由未处理时的15.74 MPa提高到24.93 MPa,提高的幅度高达58.4%;同时,复合材料的吸水率下降而本体性能基本不受影响。上述结果表明,等离子体对Technora纤维的表面改性能有效地改善其复合材料的界面性能。