Hot corrosion behavior of porous nickel-based alloys containing molybdenum in the presence of NaCl at 750 °C

The hot corrosion of porous Ni-23Cr-xMo (0%, 4.5%, 9.0%, 13.5%, mass fraction) alloys tested at 750 °C under cyclic procedure was investigated in order to elucidate the effect of Mo addition on hot corrosion in the presence of NaCl. The hot corrosion experiments were performed at 750 °C in air with 4 mg cm^− 2 NaCl deposit. The performance of the alloys was evaluated by the results of weight change kinetics. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the corrosion products. The results indicate that NaCl accelerated the oxidation of the alloys by chloridized elements Mo and Cr. Among the porous Ni-23Cr-xMo alloys, Ni-23Cr-9Mo alloy exhibited the best hot corrosion resistance due to the formation of NiO-NiCr₂O₄-Cr₂O₃ oxide scales. Furthermore, these oxide scales were confirmed more effective to protect the alloys after adding of Mo.     

Local microstructure of Ge layers buried in a silicon crystal studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure

The local structure of Si-capped Ge quantum dots formed in Stranski–Krastanov growth mode on a (001) Si substrate was probed by X-ray absorption at the Ge K-edge. Analysis by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was performed under the assumption of a solid solution model of the Si distribution inside the quantum dots (QDs) and taking into account polarization effects. It was found that QDs formed for 8 ML are strained and the Ge–Ge and Ge–Si bond lengths vary with direction. The Si content inside the QDs was found to be at a level of ∼25 at.% for strained (8 ML sample) QDs and ∼12 at.% for unstrained (10 ML sample) QDs. This work demonstrates the usefulness of EXAFS analysis for the determination of the local atomic structure in covered low-dimensional structures.     

Zirconia-alumina multiphase ceramic fibers with exceptional thermal stability by melt-spinning from solid ceramic precursor

Zirconia-alumina multiphase ceramic fibers with 80 wt% (Z80A20 fiber) and 10 wt% (Z10A90 fiber) proportions of zirconia were prepared via melt-spinning and calcination from solid ceramic precursors synthesized by controllable hydrolysis of metallorganics. The zirconia-alumina multiphase fibers had a diameter of about 10 µm and were evenly distributed with alumina and zirconia grains. The Z80A20 and Z10A90 ceramic fibers had the highest filament tensile strength of 1.78 GPa and 1.87 GPa, respectively, with a peak value of 2.62 GPa and 2.71 GPa. The Z80A20 ceramic fiber has superior thermal stability compared to the Z10A90 ceramic fiber and a higher rate of filament strength retention due to the stability in grain size. After heat treatment at 1100 °C, 1200 °C, and 1300 °C for 1 h respectively, the filament tensile strength retention rate of Z80A20 ceramic fibers was 87 %, 80 %, and 40 %. While Z10A90 ceramic fiber was fragile after being heated at 1300 °C. The results showed that the high zirconia content facilitated the fiber's thermal stability.     

Structural stabilization of EBC with thermal energy reflection at high temperatures

Structural stability of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) with thermal energy reflection function that has a periodic layered structure consisting of Y₂Ti₂O₇ (YT) and Al₂O₃ is essential to maintenance of the EBC performance at high temperatures. The effect of adding Al to YT layer on the structural stability was investigated using model samples in which Al₂O₃ layer was formed on both the YT and Al-doped YT (AYT) substrate by aerosol deposition (AD). Exposure to heat selectively dissipated the Al₂O₃ layer on the YT substrate near the interface between the layer and the grain boundaries of the substrate. In contrast, the Al₂O₃ layer on the AYT substrate remained intact upon heating when Al was added at the solid solution limit. The Al₂O₃ layer was found to exhibit a pronounced degree of (0001) basal plane texture. An increase in the impact velocity of particles during AD effectively developed the basal fiber texture.     

使役环境涡轮叶片EB-PVD热障涂层失效机制

运用场发射扫描电镜、能量色散光谱仪和金相显微镜等测试表征手段,详细检查退役高温发动机涡轮叶片表面涂层残存状况,发现带气膜孔的高温发动机涡轮叶片经服役2000 h后,表面各部位EB-PVD涂层承受CMAS攻击、硬质物撞击和冷热应力冲击程度各异,导致退役叶片表面共存多种损伤.通过对这些损伤现象的分析,了解使役环境下叶片各部位的失效模式和失效机理.研究结果表明:叶棱为受CMAS攻击最严重处,同时也是受硬质点撞击最密集处,存在大面积涂层脱落;气膜孔周围的TBCs涂层受CMAS攻击发生本质性固化,受交变热应力和机械应力共同作用而呈规律性脱落;叶棱周围气膜孔表面(无论是叶背或是叶盆)均存在硬质物碾压划过叶片表面而压实CMAS,引起表面TBCs脱落的现象,同时在气膜孔内发现飞落的TBCs柱和CMAS块,从侧面反应对叶片表面造成实质性伤害的硬质物可能为脱落的TBCs柱或固化的CMAS块.     

用于热障涂层的锆酸钆材料研究进展

为了满足新型航空发动机的性能要求,需要开发出能在超高温条件下服役的热障涂层材料.近年来已有多种陶瓷材料被证实在热障涂层领域具有发展前景,在这之中,稀土锆酸盐材料有着高温下热导率较低与稳定性良好的特点,其中又以锆酸钆材料的热导率最低,热膨胀系数最高.概述了锆酸钆材料的结构特点,对其在高温下发生的有序无序转变进行了介绍,总...     

悬浮液等离子喷涂高效制备TiO2涂层及其光催化性能

目的 解决TiO2粉末催化剂在污水净化过程中易沉降和难回收问题,同时提高TiO2在可见光条件下降解有机污染物的速率。方法 采用悬浮液等离子喷涂(SPS)技术,以H2为辅助气体制备TiO2涂层,借助H2将高温等离子体焰流中熔融态TiO2中的Ti⁴⁺还原成Ti³⁺。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱光谱仪、紫外-可见光谱仪等对TiO2粉末以及所制备涂层的结构形貌、物相组成、元素价态、光学特性进行分析。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,使用光化学反应仪测试粉末和涂层的光催化性能。结果 TiO2涂层表面呈现由熔融和半熔融颗粒组成的“喀斯特”微观形貌,表面粗糙度为2.94 µm,孔隙率为10.2%。TiO2粉末物相为纯锐钛矿,涂层物相由锐钛矿、金红石相及TiO2－x相组成。TiO2涂层中Ti³⁺的存在使其带间隙减小0.6 eV。在紫外光条件下,TiO2粉末的催化速率为0.003 48,而涂层的催化速率为0.003 45。在可见光条件下,粉末的催化速率与亚甲基蓝的光解速率相近,涂层的催化速率是0.003 07。结论 通过SPS技术成功制备了TiO2光催化涂层,其在可见光条件下的催化性能较粉末有显著提升。     

尖端结构对PS-PVD YSZ涂层沉积的影响

采用等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)技术在设计的尖端结构试样表面制备了YSZ涂层,研究了YSZ涂层在尖端不同区域的形貌、厚度、孔隙率和微区力学性能的差异.结果表明:尖端部位各区域涂层呈现羽柱状结构,在涂层生长过程中柱状晶之间会因生长的空间受限而存在“挤压”竞争效应,尖端边角的几何特性会削弱“挤压”竞争效应,因此其涂层厚度远高于尖端其他区域;此外,尖端尖角附近的涂层羽柱状结构呈放射状,并沿基体表面法线方向向上生长;纳米压痕表明涂层硬度由顶部至底部呈现逐渐下降趋势,这与涂层结构和残余应力相关;尖端结构的尖角区域涂层微区硬度,显著高于尖端两侧区域;结合数值模拟分析结果发现,半封闭型面会导致等离子射流紊乱度上升,由于不同方向等离子体存在“卷流”和“冲击”现象,其对应沉积的涂层厚度下降,孔隙率上升.     

大气等离子喷涂制备锰钴尖晶石涂层及其电导率

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)工艺制备了Mn-Co尖晶石涂层,同时研究了不同载气和喷距对涂层形貌及电导率的影响.采用直流四电极法测量涂层的电导率,利用SEM,XRD和XPS等表征手段对涂层微观形貌、组成等进行表征.结果表明,所制备的涂层致密、孔洞较少、与基体结合良好,表面呈现液态沉积与微熔颗粒堆积相混合的状态.800℃时,载气量为2 SLPM下涂层的电导率是18 S/cm,而其余载气量下涂层电导率仅有8 S/cm,低载气量制备的Mn-Co涂层具有良好的导电性;800℃下只有喷距为130 mm的涂层电导率超过了10 S/cm,增加喷距对电导率影响较小,各涂层电导率分布较为接近.测试态涂层表面形成了各种取向的金字塔状尖晶石晶体结构,其尖晶石相衍射峰强度显著提高;高电导率涂层中2价和3价元素比例更接近1∶2,为典型的尖晶石结构,其表现出较高的电导率.因此,适当的载气流量和喷涂距离可使涂层中含有更多的高电导率尖晶石相.