Modelling fabric reinforced composites under impact loads

The paper describes recent progress on the materials modelling and numerical simulation of the in-plane response of fibre reinforced composite structures. A continuum damage mechanics model for fabric reinforced composites under in-plane loads is presented. It is based on methods developed for UD ply materials (Compos. Sci. Technol., 43 (1992) 257), which are generalised here to fabric reinforcements. The model contains elastic damage in the fibre directions, with an elastic–plastic model for inelastic shear effects. Test data on a glass fabric/epoxy laminate show the importance of inelastic effects in shear. A strategy is described for determining model parameters from the test data. The fabric model is being implemented in an explicit FE code for use in crash and impact studies and preliminary results are presented on a plate impact simulation.     

离子渗氮工艺参数对4Cr5MoSiV钢表层组织与性能的影响

目的 研究离子渗氮的温度及时间对4Cr5MoSiV钢渗氮层组织、表面硬度及耐磨性的影响,获得提高硬度、耐磨性的最优工艺参数。方法 对4Cr5MoSiV钢表面进行离子渗氮处理,渗氮温度分别为450、480、510、540 ℃,保温时间分别为5、10、15、20 h。利用维氏显微硬度仪测量渗层深度及表面硬度;利用X射线衍射仪分析渗层物相组成;利用摩擦磨损试验机评价试样耐磨性;通过扫描电镜观察表面磨痕区域。结果 离子渗氮渗层表面的物相主要为γ''-Fe4N相和ε-Fe2~3N相。在实验范围内,随着温度的升高或时间的增加,材料渗层深度、表面硬度增加,磨损率减少,但当温度过高或时间过长时,表面硬度下降,磨损率增加。在480 ℃的条件下进行20 h离子渗氮的材料,表面具有最好的摩擦学性能,表面硬度为1147 HV0.2,磨损率为2.13×10-5 mm3/(N?m),渗氮层深0.24 mm,化合物层深14.05 μm,摩擦系数为0.45,磨损状态为磨粒磨损。结论 离子渗氮是适合于变截面弹簧的表面强化方式,可以在材料表面形成具有一定厚度、均匀分布的渗氮层组织,显著提升表面硬度和耐磨性,降低摩擦系数。     

Creep simulation of asymmetric effects at large strains by stress mode decomposition

The paper presents a framework for creep modelling at large strains of materials exhibiting different behaviours in different loading scenarios, such as tension, compression and shear, respectively. To this end a flow rule is postulated within a thermodynamic consistent framework in a mixed variant formulation and decomposed into a sum of weighted stress mode related quantities. The different stress modes are chosen such that they are accessible to individual examination in the laboratory, where tension, compression and shear are typical examples. The characterisation of the stress modes is obtained in the octahedral plane of the deviatoric stress space in terms of the Lode angle, such that stress mode dependent scalar weighting functions can be constructed. Furthermore the numerical implementation into a finite element program of the constitutive equations is briefly described. In three finite element examples the proposed model is applied to investigate the asymmetric relaxation behaviour of a square plate with circular hole and also the evolution of creep damage in a short cantilever with hole and a gasturbine blade.     

Enhancing strength and ductility in back extruded WE71 magnesium alloy cylindrical parts by introduction of multi-direction forging process

Magnesium cylindrical parts have relatively poor mechanical properties and distinct anisotropy of microstructure,which hinder their application as structural components.To improve the performance of WE71 cylindrical parts,multi-direction forging(MDF) was introduced before back extrusion,and the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.Results of microstructure show that the grain size in the outer of the cylindrical bottom is refined from 30.1 to 27.7 μm,the micro structure is ...