Looking ahead: Joint small group detection and tracking in crowd scenes

Small group detection and tracking in crowd scenes are basis for high level crowd analysis tasks. However, it suffers from the ambiguities in generating proper groups and in handling dynamic changes of group configurations. In this paper, we propose a novel delay decision-making based method for addressing the above problems, motivated by the idea that these ambiguities can be solved using rich temporal context. Specifically, given individual detections, small group hypotheses are generated. Then candidate group hypotheses across consecutive frames and their potential associations are built in a tree. By seeking for the best non-conflicting subset from the hypothesis tree, small groups are determined and simultaneously their trajectories are got. So this framework is called joint detection and tracking. This joint framework reduces the ambiguities in small group decision and tracking by looking ahead for several frames. However, it results in the unmanageable solution space because the number of track hypotheses grows exponentially over time. To solve this problem, effective pruning strategies are developed, which can keep the solution space manageable and also improve the credibility of small groups. Experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The method achieves the state-of-the-art performance even in noisy crowd scenes.     

Effect of heat loss to ambient on steady-state behaviour of a single-phase natural circulation loop

This study aims at modelling of a single-phase rectangular natural circulation loop as a conjugate problem to investigate the influence of ambient temperature on the steady-state temperature profile for the loop fluid and wall temperature. Finite volume technique has been employed for the solution of non-dimensional governing equations. Numerically predicted values have been compared with available test data from literature. Natural convection heat loss to the ambient is found to cause significant changes in the loop fluid and wall material temperature along the bare sections. Warmer ambient conditions increase the fraction of input power transferred to the cooling stream and hence cause a rise in coolant temperature across the cooler. Increase in ambient temperature results in higher coolant outlet temperature and thus higher heat exchange effectiveness for the system. The loop temperature profiles gradually approach the ideal condition of perfect insulation with increase in ambient temperature. The combined effect of change in power input and ambient temperature predicts a particular ambient condition, when the system produces a constant effectiveness regardless of the power input.     

耐事故燃料芯块的制备方法与研究进展

福岛核事故发生后,为提高核燃料元件抵抗严重事故能力而开发的耐事故燃料成为核行业研究热点。本文介绍了以BeO、SiC掺杂为代表的热导增强型UO₂芯块、高铀密度高热导燃料芯块和全陶瓷微封装燃料芯块,总结了耐事故燃料芯块的优势特性、热导率、制备方法和研究进展,分析和展望了耐事故燃料芯块的现有问题和应用前景,以期为耐事故燃料芯块的研究提供参考。     

ARM计算环境下堆芯程序的移植

为了论证国产芯片在堆芯数值计算领域的可行性,对多个堆芯程序在飞腾处理器的ARM通用计算环境中进行了移植,涉及堆芯燃料管理软件的扩散原型程序NACK-R、子通道分析程序CORTH、特征线输运程序OpenMOC和堆芯组件程序KYLIN2。移植过程在ARM计算环境中通过合理的程序代码修订,去除对商业函数库的依赖,且在移植过程中对KYLIN2的特征线循环扫描计算过程引入OpenMP多线程并行,论证单结点多个飞腾处理器核心的并行能力。参照对象Intel商用处理器的频率约为飞腾处理器频率的2倍,堆芯程序移植后的串行运行效率与在Intel计算环境中的串行运行效率差异保持在3~4倍,受限于所使用飞腾处理器型号的缓存大小,部分数据量较大例题的性能差异可能更大。KYLIN2完成多线程并行后计算效率接近在Intel处理器上的串行效率,证明单结点多个飞腾处理器核心能够替换部分堆芯数值计算既有的应用场景。移植结果也表明,混合不同处理器的异构设计,能够在计算资源紧张的情况下充分利用国产硬件,提升计算环境的整体利用效率。     

Mechanical behavior of C/SiC T-section under pulling load

For the C/SiC T-section structures, fabrication defects such as pores and local delaminations can be easily formed in the intersection zone which significantly affect the load bearing capacity. In this work, the mechanical behavior of C/SiC T-section under pulling load was investigated, and especially the delamination behavior was studied by introducing the cohesive zone model into the finite element modeling. It was found that for C/SiC T-section under pulling load, the maximum critical delamination load was about 1075 N in the present work, and the interface delamination was the main failure mode. It was verified that the effective interfacial strength influenced the critical delamination load, and the strain energy release affected the delamination behavior of the T-section specimen. The failure mechanisms of C/SiC T-section under pulling load depend on the interface bonding states. When the interface is well bonded, the failure mechanisms mainly include matrix stripping, matrix fracture and fiber breakage. Otherwise, only the matrix stripping can be found at the interface of the C/SiC T-section specimen.     

Study on startup characteristics of heat pipe cooled and AMTEC conversion space reactor system

Future exploration of deep space requires space power with high power density, light weight, low cost and high reliability. Space reactor is an excellent candidate with its unique characteristics of high specific power, low cost, strong environment adaptability and so on. Among all types of space reactors, heat pipe cooled space reactor, which adopts the passive heat pipe as core cooling component, is considered as one of the most promising choice and is widely studied all over the world. Startup characteristics of this type space reactor are an active topic.Previous studies mainly focused on the startup from high temperature rather than environmental temperature. In order to simulate the transient startup process from frozen state, a transient analysis code (TAPIRS) for heat pipe cooled space reactor power system (HPS) has been developed and applied to investigate the system transient performance during a startup from zero cold power to full power. The code integrates separately validated point reactor kinetics model, lumped parameter core heat transfer model, combined heat pipe (HP) model (self-diffusion model, flat-front startup model and network model), energy conversion model of alkali metal thermal-to-electric conversion units (AMTEC), and HP radiator model. By comparing the simulation results of the models and steady state with those in the references, the rationality of the models and the solution method is validated. It is found that by adjusting the control drum's rotational speed, the reactor can startup from subcritical state to full power state while the heat pipe and AMTEC from solid state to normal operational state. HPS can startup entirely depending on the nuclear power, and the maximum temperature of the heat pipe does not exceed 1250 K in the whole startup process. The maximum errors of the parameters between the simulation results of this paper and those in the literature at the full power condition are less than 5%. Under the accident of control drum failure with largest reactivity insertion, the fuel temperature can be controlled within the safety limits. These show that the reactor system has characteristics of no single-point failures, the self-stabilization capability under accident conditions.     

Powder metallurgy of Mg–1%Al–1%Sn alloy reinforced with low content of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)

The Mg–1%Al–1%Sn–0.18% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composite is fabricated by semi powder metallurgy method followed by hot extrusion. Microscopic observation revealed the uniform distribution of GNPs in the matrix. The addition of 0.18 wt% GNPs to Mg–1wt%Al–1wt%Sn alloy lead to increase in tensile strength (i.e., from 236 to 269 MPa). The increase in strength of the composite could be due to high specific surface area, superior nano-filler adhesion and two-dimensional structure of GNPs.     

Recent work towards understanding defect evolution in thin molybdenum foils through in situ ion irradiation under TEM and coordinated cluster dynamics modeling

This paper provides a brief review of a recent joint effort towards better understanding of defect evolution in thin molybdenum foils during ion irradiation. In situ TEM ion irradiation experiments and spatially dependent cluster dynamics modeling were closely combined to reveal the fine details of the dose, dose rate and sample dimension dependencies of defect density and size distribution in the early stage of irradiation, and to validate different assumptions with respect to the damage production and defect mobilities. Earlier experimental and computational studies in Mo and in BCC iron as well as outstanding problems yet to be resolved are also discussed in this paper.     

自然循环条件下倒U型管蒸汽发生器一次侧倒流现象关键影响因素研究

倒U型管蒸汽发生器（UTSG）在自然循环条件下存在倒流现象，影响一回路冷却剂系统载热能力及自然循环能力。本文参照芬兰压水堆热工实验装置（PWR PACTEL）中UTSG设计参数，利用计算流体力学（CFD）软件Fluent模拟流量匀速下降工况下UTSG中的倒流现象，研究一次侧运行参数、UTSG设计参数以及二次侧运行参数对于倒流现象的影响。结果表明，提高UTSG一次侧温度、一次侧运行压力、倒U型管热导率将增大UTSG的临界质量流量，使得UTSG更易发生倒流；提高UTSG二次侧给水量、二次侧温度以及倒U型管内壁粗糙度将使得UTSG临界质量流量下降，抑制倒流现象发生；而倒U型管壁厚对倒流现象几乎无影响；相较于改变二回路温度，改变一回路温度对于倒流现象的影响更为显著。本研究结果可为UTSG的参数优化提供一定参考。      

Consensus-based bundle algorithm with local replanning for heterogeneous multi-UAV system in the time-sensitive and dynamic environment

The Journal of Supercomputing - Consensus-based bundle algorithm (CBBA) is a decentralized task allocation algorithm that can produce feasible and conflict-free task assignment solution for...