一种用于确定饱和低渗透砂岩岩心中超临界CO2突破压力的数值方法

CO₂突破压力在CO₂地质储存能力、场地选择和盖层安全性评价中起着重要作用。为探究可用于预测CO₂突破压力的数值模拟方法,研究通过使用COMSOL Multiphysics数值软件,提出了一种基于逐步法的数值方法,并对饱和低渗透岩心进行了CO₂突破压力的数值模拟。结果表明:当岩心完全饱水时,CO₂突破压力和突破时间分别5.4 MPa和70 h,通过与已有实验数据对比,证明了此模拟方法是合理的。同时,对CO₂-H₂O系统中的界面张力和VG模型中m/l值进行了敏感性分析,结果表明:在相同的界面张力条件下,m/l参数越大,CO₂突破压力和突破时间越大。另外,随着CO₂-H₂O系统中界面张力的增大,突破压力和突破时间均呈减小趋势。研究可为深入研究岩心尺度上的CO₂突破行为和盖层评价等提供数值信息。     

Excavator 3D pose estimation using deep learning and hybrid datasets

Earthwork operations are crucial parts of most construction projects. Heavy construction equipment and workers are often required to work in limited workspaces simultaneously. Struck-by accidents resulting from poor worker and equipment interactions account for a large proportion of accidents and fatalities on construction sites. The emerging technologies based on computer vision and artificial intelligence offer an opportunity to enhance construction safety through advanced monitoring utilizing site cameras. A crucial pre-requisite to the development of safety monitoring applications is the ability to identify accurately and localize the position of the equipment and its critical components in 3D space. This study proposes a workflow for excavator 3D pose estimation based on deep learning using RGB images. In the proposed workflow, an articulated 3D digital twin of an excavator is used to generate the necessary data for training a 3D pose estimation model. In addition, a method for generating hybrid datasets (simulation and laboratory) for adapting the 3D pose estimation model for various scenarios with different camera parameters is proposed. Evaluations prove the capability of the workflow in estimating the 3D pose of excavators. The study concludes by discussing the limitations and future research opportunities.     

基于超声能量扩散的CFST界面剥离损伤检测方法与验证

钢管混凝土(CFST)构件因其具有良好的抗压、抗弯、抗剪能力,近年来被广泛用于各类型工程结构之中。鉴于CFST施工过程中,钢管与内部混凝土之间可能出现离析、剥离等缺陷,会降低或破坏钢管与混凝土的协同作用,导致承载力降低等问题。在受到极端荷载下,严重时会导致较大安全隐患和失效可能。因此,开展CFST剥离损伤检测十分必要。该文试制了采用超声能量扩散进行构件损伤检测的测试平台;对一批预设界面剥离损伤的方形截面CFST柱进行了不同频率超声波、考虑不同剥离尺寸影响的实测研究,得到归一化扩散及耗散系数,并以此作为管壁与内部混凝土剥离的检测指标;基于最佳激发频率提出CFST界面损伤判定依据,并采用COMSOL软件进行数值模拟验证。结果表明：归一化扩散及耗散系数对剥离损伤尺寸较敏感,可作为探明损伤规律性的重要参数。提出的CFST界面损伤判定模型与仿真试验吻合良好,最小误差为3.03%,平均误差小于10%,表明损伤判定模型能准确、有效定量识别钢管与核心混凝土间的界面剥离损伤,可拓展应用于同类型构件的损伤诊断和预判。     

Empirical modeling of splitting tensile strength from cylinder compressive strength of concrete by genetic programming

Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are both mechanical properties of concrete that are utilized in structural design. This study presents gene expression programming (GEP) as a new tool for the formulations of splitting tensile strength from compressive strength of concrete. For purpose of building the GEP-based formulations, 536 experimental data have been gathered from existing literature. The GEP-based formulations are developed for splitting tensile strength of concrete as a function of age of specimen and cylinder compressive strength. In experimental parts of this study, cylindrical specimens of 150 × 300 mm and 100 × 200 mm in dimensions are utilized. Training and testing sets of the GEP-based formulations are randomly separated from the complete experimental data. The GEP-based formulations are also validated with additional 173 data of experimental results other than the data used in training and testing sets of the GEP-based formulations. All of the results obtained from the GEP-based formulations are compared with the results obtained from experimental data, the developed regression-based formulation and formulas given by some national building codes. These comparisons showed that the GEP-based formulations appeared to well agree with the experimental data and found to be quite reliable.     

Mechanical properties of high strength concrete reinforced with metallic and non-metallic fibres

This paper focuses on the experimental investigation carried out on high strength concrete reinforced with hybrid fibres (combination of hooked steel and a non-metallic fibre) up to a volume fraction of 0.5%. The mechanical properties, namely, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural toughness were studied for concrete prepared using different hybrid fibre combinations – steel–polypropylene, steel–polyester and steel–glass. The flexural properties were studied using four point bending tests on beam specimens as per Japanese Concrete Institute (JCI) recommendations. Fibre addition was seen to enhance the pre-peak as well as post-peak region of the load–deflection curve, causing an increase in flexural strength and toughness, respectively. Addition of steel fibres generally contributed towards the energy absorbing mechanism (bridging action) whereas, the non-metallic fibres resulted in delaying the formation of micro-cracks. Compared to other hybrid fibre reinforced concretes, the flexural toughness of steel–polypropylene hybrid fibre concretes was comparable to steel fibre concrete. Increased fibre availability in the hybrid fibre systems (due to the lower densities of non-metallic fibres), in addition to the ability of non-metallic fibres to bridge smaller micro cracks, are suggested as the reasons for the enhancement in mechanical properties.     

Design chart for the modified hyperbolic method

The modified hyperbolic method is used in practice to predict the ultimate primary consolidation settlement of compressible ground. This paper presents a new relationship between the average degree of consolidation for combined vertical and horizontal consolidation U_vh and the non-dimensional vertical time factor T_v, with a new parameter, ν_hv, introduced. ν_hv is defined as the ratio of the time factor in the horizontal direction to that in the vertical direction. This relationship is then adopted to calculate the slope of the linear segment of the theoretical hyperbolic plot (T_v/U_vh vs T_v), λ, which is a key factor in the modified hyperbolic observational method presented by Tan (1995). A design chart for λ as a function of ν_hv is proposed. Using this design chart, the determination for λ can be simplified from a procedure involving three parameters to only one, ν_hv. A new procedure for the use of the modified hyperbolic method is proposed. The new procedure is verified using a well-documented case history.     

稳定安全系数计算公式中荷载与抗力错位影响探讨

岩土结构稳定安全系数应为抗力之和除以荷载之和。国内外相关标准中稳定安全系数计算公式存在着5类抗力与荷载错位、不符合安全系数定义现象:(1)条分法部分条块产生的抗滑力被计入了分母,如果与滑动力相减则形成第1类错位现象,相加则产生第2类;锚杆抗力切向分量被放在了分母中与滑动力相减亦形成第1类;(2)把水压力等荷载放在了分子与抗力相减,产生了第3类错位现象;第3类分别与第1,2类作用叠加,产生了第4,5类错位现象;(3)第1类与第3类造成安全系数计算结果虚高,导致工程有时安全储备不足;第2类造成安全系数虚低,可能会导致较大浪费;第4,5类加大了公式计算结果的不确定性,其中第4类会进一步造成安全系数虚高;(4)这些错位的计算公式可修正并概化为一个统一公式。     

极地低温环境下混凝土断裂性能试验研究

为研究寒区和极地低温环境下混凝土结构的抗裂性能,设计了36个试件,对其进行了三点弯曲梁断裂试验,分析了20~-80 ℃温度区间内混凝土双K断裂韧度、断裂能和特征长度等关键断裂参数。结果表明：低温环境下,混凝土粗骨料和砂浆界面强度有所提高,横截面上有更多粗骨料发生断裂破坏;随着温度的降低,混凝土梁开裂荷载及峰值荷载有所提高,荷载-位移曲线斜率变大;混凝土断裂性能在低温环境下明显增强,其起裂断裂韧度、失稳断裂韧度和断裂能均随温度的降低得到提高;低温环境下混凝土脆性变大,特征长度随温度的降低而减小。对低温作用下混凝土断裂能的增强规律进行定量分析,拓展CEB-FIP MC2010混凝土断裂能计算模型的适用范围。基于低温环境下立方体抗压和劈裂抗拉试验结果,分别提出了混凝土断裂能计算模型。     

罕遇地震作用下高架桥抗震性能评估与加固

为了评估罕遇地震作用下高架桥的抗震性能,提出了一套抗震性能评估流程并对一座在役高架桥进行评估。首先建立了高架桥非线性动力时程分析模型;然后进行了模态分析,在综合考虑了有效质量系数和振型图后,选取了用于计算Rayleigh系数的参考振型;最后对动力时程分析结果中各墩的弯曲变形能力和抗剪强度进行评估,并根据评估结果提出了加固方法。结果发现:罕遇地震作用下,各墩变形能力沿横桥向均能满足需求;但在顺桥向上,部分墩的塑性铰区变形能力不足,且各墩的非塑性区均存在变形能力不足的截面。各墩抗剪强度沿顺、横桥向均能满足需求。采用增大截面法对各墩进行加固,首先制定了增大截面内的混凝土和钢筋配置方案,然后确定了能够同时满足各墩沿顺桥向的变形能力和经济性的最优加固高度,为高架桥抗震性能评估和加固工程提供一定的借鉴。