RRR-RRPⅡ级杆组的等效系统动力学建模与分析

将等效方法与有限元方法相结合,基于等效元素集成法建立了RRR-RRPⅡ级杆组的动力学等效模型,给出了其动力学微分方程。建模时重点确定二阶张量、三阶张量和组装等效质量阵,建模过程简单、快捷,通用性强。对给定的RRR-RRP六杆机构进行了求解,给出了其动力响应曲线。通过实例表明,利用本文方法列写微分方程或由计算机进行解算比用传统方法解题效率高,弥补了用传统方法对杆组进行动力学分析时,由于系统运动关系复杂和人为分析技术差而极易出错的缺陷。     

Automatic Detection of Steel Bali＇s Surface Flaws Based on Image Processing

A new method to detect steel bali＇s surface flaws is presented based on computer techniques of image processing and pattern recognition. The steel bali＇s surface flaws is the primary factor causing bearing failure. The high efficient and precision detections for the surface flaws of steel ball can be conducted by the presented method, including spot, abrasion, burn, scratch and crack, etc. The design of main components of the detecting system is described in detail including auto-matic feeding mechanism, automatic spreading mechanism of steel ball＇ s surface, optical system of microscope, image acquisition system, image processing system. The whole automatic system is controlled by an industrial control computer, which can carry out the recognition of flaws of steel bali＇s surface effectively.     

Enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed alumina ceramics by using sintering aids

Stereolithography based 3D printing provides an efficient pathway to fabricate alumina ceramics, and the exploration on the mechanical properties of 3D printed alumina ceramics is crucial to the development of 3D printing ceramic technology. However, alumina ceramics are difficult to sinter due to their high melting point. In this work, alumina ceramics were prepared via stereolithography based 3D printing technology, and the improvement in the mechanical properties was investigated based on the content, the type and the particle size of sintering aids (TiO₂, CaCO₃, and MgO). The flexural strength of the sintered ceramics increased greatly (from 139.2 MPa to 216.7 MPa) with the increase in TiO₂ content (from 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt%), while significant anisotropy in mechanical properties (216.7 MPa in X-Z plane and 121.0 MPa in X–Y plane) was observed for the ceramics with the addition of 1.5 wt TiO₂. The shrinkage and flexural strength of the ceramics decreased with the increase in CaCO₃ content due to the formation of elongated grains, which led to the formation of large-sized residual pores in the ceramics. The addition of MgO help decrease the anisotropic differences in shrinkage and flexural strength of the sintered ceramics due to the formation of regularly shaped grains. This work provides guidance on the adjustment in flexural strength, shrinkage, and anisotropic behavior of 3D printed alumina ceramics, and provides new methods for the fabrication of 3D printed alumina ceramics with superior mechanical properties.     

Platinum-nickel bimetallic catalyst doped with rare earth for enhancing methanol electrocatalytic oxidation reaction

Platinum (Pt) is often used as anodic catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). However, platinum is difficult to achieve large-scale application because of its low stability and high cost. In this work, the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the Pt-based catalyst for methanol oxidation (MOR) are significantly improved by adding Ce and Ni to the catalyst. Additionally, the rare earth element-Pr (Dy) is also chosen to be added into the catalysts for comparison. A series of PtMNi (M = Ce, Pr, Dy) catalysts are prepared by impregnation and galvanic replacement reaction methods using carbon black as support. The electrocatalytic mass activity of PtCeNi/C, PtDyNi/C, PtPrNi/C and Pt/C is 3.92, 1.86, 1.69 and 0.8 A mg_Pt⁻¹, respectively. The mass activity of these the above four catalysts after stability measurement is 3.14, 1.49, 1.27 and 0.72 A mg_Pt⁻¹. Among them, PtCeNi/C has the highest catalytic activity. These as-prepared catalysts are also characterized by various analyzing techniques, such as TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS, ICP-OES, STEM, STEM-EDS elemental mapping and line-scanning etc. It shows that PtCeNi/C exhibits best catalytic activity (3.92 A mg_Pt⁻¹) among the as-obtained catalysts, 4.9 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.8 A mg_Pt⁻¹). PtCeNi/C is also with excellent anti-CO poisoning ability. The outstanding catalytic performance of PtCeNi/C for the MOR is mainly attributable to uniform-sized PtCeNi nanoparticles, uniform Ni, Ce and Pt element distribution, and electron interaction among Pt-, Ni- and Ce-related species (electron transferring from Pt to CeO₂).     

Au3Pd1 intermetallic compound as single atom catalyst for formic acid decomposition with highly hydrogen selectivity

Developing efficient catalysts for formic acid decomposition has been studied extensively. Herein, the Au₃Pd₁ intermetallic compound is designed as a single atom catalyst for the dehydrogenation of formic acid. By using density functional theory calculations, the thermodynamic stability, electronic structure, and reaction mechanism for the Au₃Pd₁ catalyst are systematically investigated, and the surface charge polarization and atom-ordered arrangement were confirmed to play an important role in the efficient formic acid dehydrogenation. The special positively charged Pd single atom on the Au₃Pd₁ surface becomes the adsorption site of HCOO⁻ and the reaction site for formic acid decomposition. The nearby Au sites suppress the C–O bond cleavage due to their weak interaction with CO1 and OH1. As a result, the HCOO⁻ dehydrogenation pathway is predominant on the Pd single atomic sites and the CO formation is well inhibited. This intermetallic-based catalyst can be extended to other systems and provided general guidance for efficient catalyst design.     

A multi-objective model for optimizing hydrogen injected-high pressure natural gas pipeline networks

The paper develops a statistical model for optimizing the Hydrogen-injected Natural gas (H-NG) high-pressure pipeline network. Gas hydrodynamic principles are utilized to construct the pipeline and compressor station model. The model developed is implemented on a pipeline grid that is supposed to carry Hydrogen as an energy carrier in a natural gas-carrying pipeline. The paper aims to optimize different objectives using ant colony optimization (ACO). The first objective includes a single objective optimization problem that evaluates the maximum permissible hydrogen amounts blended with natural gas (NG) for a set of pipeline constraints. We also evaluated the variations in operational variables on injecting Hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline networks at varying fractions. The study further develops a multi-objective optimization model that includes bi-objective and tri-objective problems and is optimized using ACO. Traditional studies have focused on single-objective optimization with minimal bi-objective issues. In addition, none of the earlier research has shown the effect of introducing Hydrogen to the NG network using tri-objective function evaluations. The bi-objective and tri-objective functions help evaluate the effect of injecting Hydrogen on different operational parameters. The study further attempts to fill the gap by detailing the modelling equations implemented through a bi-objective and tri-objective function for the H-NG pipeline network and optimized through ACO. Pareto fronts that show the tradeoff between the different objectives for the multi-objective problem have been generated. The primary objective of the bi-objective and tri-objective optimization problems is maximizing hydrogen mole percent in natural gas. The other objective chosen is minimizing compressor fuel consumption and maximizing delivery pressure, throughput, and power delivered at the delivery station. The findings will serve as a roadmap for pipeline operators interested in repurposing natural gas pipeline networks to transport hydrogen and natural gas blend (H-NG) and seeking to reduce carbon intensity per unit of energy-delivered fuel.     

Numerical Controlled Processing Techniques for Optical Components

Comparied to traditional optical processing methods, numerical controlled surfacing techniques have irreplaceable effects especially in spherical and aspherical optics. In this paper, fabricating methods, mechanisms and processes are analyzed. Also, some processing difficulties and problems are discussed. The possible improvements and feasible methods are given.     

Study of Load Modeling Technology on Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator of Gun Servo System

A hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulator for gun servo system is described in this paper, and its load modeling technologies,such as road spectrum model,sea wave model are studied. The simulation results show that the models can be used in HWIL and satisfy the requirements of hardware-in-the-loop simulator of gun servo system.     

激光功率密度对熔覆层磨损性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在40Cr钢表面制备了Co基熔覆层。利用体式显微镜和显微硬度计,对熔覆层分别进行了宏观形貌观察和显微硬度测试。根据熔覆后零件的实际工作状况,有针对性地采取了滑动+滚动的摩擦方式对熔覆件进行干摩擦试验。结果表明,随着激光功率的增加,熔覆层参数(熔高、熔深、熔宽)逐渐增加;显微硬度则出现先升高而后降低的趋势;其磨损机理依次呈现氧化磨损-磨粒磨损-粘着磨损-疲劳磨损。研究发现提高零件硬度不等于提高了耐磨性。     

铝合金连续-脉冲激光焊接工艺对比实验研究

为了研究5052铝合金激光焊接工艺,采用脉冲激光和连续激光分别对1.5mm厚的5052铝合金板进行了焊接,并对工艺参量进行了优化。通过对两种不同类型激光焊接试样的焊缝形貌的对比、微观组织的分析、抗拉强度和显微硬度测试,可知脉冲激光焊接对焊接接头气孔的控制更为理想,使得脉冲激光焊接所获得的焊接质量更加优异,与连续激光焊接相比,其接头的抗拉强度增加了10%。结果表明,脉冲激光焊接和连续激光焊接均可以使焊接试样得到较为理想的焊缝形貌和较高的抗拉强度。