Psychrophilic hydrogen production from petrochemical wastewater via anaerobic sequencing batch reactor: techno-economic assessment and kinetic modelling

Independent hydrogen production from petrochemical wastewater containing mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) via anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was extensively assessed under psychrophilic conditions (15–25 °C). A lab-scale ASBR was operated at pH of 5.50, and different organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.00, 1.67, 2.67, and 4.00 gCOD/L/d. The hydrogen yield (HY) progressed from 134.32 ± 10.79 to 189.09 ± 22.35 mL/gMEG_initial at increasing OLR from 1.00 to 4.00 gCOD/L/d. The maximum hydrogen content of 47.44 ± 3.60% was achieved at OLR of 4.0 gCOD/L/d, while methane content remained low (17.76 ± 1.27% at OLR of 1.0 gCOD/L/d). Kinetic studies using four different mathematical models were conducted to describe the ASBR performance. Furthermore, two batch-mode experiments were performed to optimize the nitrogen supplementation as a nutrient (C/N ratio), and assess the impact of salinity (as gNaCl/L) on hydrogen production. HY substantially dropped from 62.77 ± 4.09 to 6.02 ± 0.39 mL/gMEG_initial when C/N ratio was increased from 28.5 to 114.0. Besides, the results revealed that salinity up to 10.0 gNaCl/L has a relatively low inhibitory impact on hydrogen production. Eventually, the cost/benefit analysis showed that environmental and energy recovery revenues from ASBR were optimized at OLR of 4.0 gCOD/L/d (payback period of 7.13 yrs).     

A panoramic view of Li7P3S11 solid electrolytes synthesis,structural aspects and practical challenges for all-solid-state lithium batteries

The development of an inorganic electrochemical stable solid-state electrolyte is essentially responsible for future state-of-the-art all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Because of their advantages in safety, working temperature, high energy density, and packaging, ASSLBs can develop an ideal energy storage system for modern electric vehicles (EVs). A solid electrolyte (SE) model must have an economical synthesis approach, exhibit electrochemical and chemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and low interfacial resistance. Owing to its highest conductivity of 17 mS·cm^-1, and deformability, the sulfide-based Li₇P₃S₁₁ solid electrolyte is a promising contender for the high-performance bulk type of ASSLBs. Herein, we present a current glimpse of the progress of synthetic procedures, structural aspects, and ionic conductivity improvement strategies. Structural elucidation and mechanistic approaches have been extensively discussed by using various characterization techniques. The chemical stability of Li₇P₃S₁₁ could be enhanced via oxide doping, and hard and soft acid/base (HSAB) concepts are also discussed. The issues to be undertaken for designing the ideal solid electrolytes, interfacial challenges, and high energy density have been discoursed. This review aims to provide a bird's eye view of the recent development of Li₇P₃S₁₁-based solid-state electrolyte applications and explore the strategies for designing new solid electrolytes with a target-oriented approach to enhance the efficiency of high energy density all-solid-state lithium batteries.     

水性聚氨酯及其复合物的合成与表征

采用丙酮回流法低成本的合成了水性聚氨酯，发现双羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）的用量不低于4．4％（Wt％），合成的水性聚氨酯才具有较好的乳化能力，并以此为种子乳液，制得了复合乳液，用^1H-NMR、TEM等手段对其进行了表征，结果显示该复合乳液具有明显的核壳结构，且复合乳液的粒径分布比种子乳液稍宽，具有双峰结构；复合物中由于聚丙烯酸酯的存在，亲水性有所降低；力学性能显示，复合物的拉伸强度有所提高，而断裂伸长率有所下降。     

超支化聚合物改性环氧树脂固化体系力学性能研究

研究了羟端基脂肪族超支化聚酯(HBPE)对环氧树脂(EP)固化体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入较低含量的HBPE就能较好地改善体系的拉伸强度和冲击强度,同时对拉伸弹性模量的影响不大。其中,第三代和第四代HBPE的质量分数为3%时,固化体系的拉伸强度分别提高20.54%和18.64%,断裂伸长率分别提高41.02%和58.66%,冲击强度分别提高71.14%和117.36%。对固化体系的拉伸断面进行了分析,发现引入HBPE后,材料表现出韧性断裂;HBPE以微分散相的形式均匀分散在EP基体中。     

负载硫化镉的碳纳米管载镉量分析

经高温灰化法预处理后用配位滴定分析法测定负载硫化镉的碳纳米管(CdS/CNTS)的载镉量,测试数据可靠准确,表明制备负载硫化镉碳纳米管催化剂时所加入的镉并不全部吸附在碳纳米管上,载镉效率随着碳纳米管载镉量的增加而降低。     

羧甲基香豆胶的制备与表征

通过加入NaOH与一氯乙酸钠(SMCA)固体进行香豆胶(FG)的碱化和醚化,制备了不同取代度的羧甲基香豆胶(CMFG)。研究了不同分散介质、反应温度与时间、NaOH与SMCA用量等因素对取代度与反应效率的影响。以异丙醇/水为分散介质,产物取代度与反应效率最大,优化的反应温度为50℃、反应时间5h、醇水体积比52.5∶7.5。醇水体积比为50∶10、n(SMCA)∶n(NaOH)∶n(FG)=1∶1∶1时取代度为0.75,反应效率达75%。NaOH对取代度的影响大于SMCA。采用一步羧甲基化反应制备取代度1.05的CMFG,反应效率可达到70%。CMFG溶液黏度随取代度增大而增大,w(CMFG)=2%时,取代度为0.78,溶液黏度为116mPa.s。CMFG水溶液黏度4d降低8.6%～28.0%,黏度稳定性高于在w(NaCl)=1%的盐水溶液中的稳定性。     

两亲性超支化聚（胺-酯）对PVC／PP共混体系的增容作用

研究了两亲性超支化聚（胺-酯）（A-HPAE）对PVC／PP共混体系的增容作用，讨论了其用量对PVC／A-HPAE／PP共混体系力学性能和复数黏度的影响。结果表明，在PVC／PP共混物中加入2份（质量份，下同）A-HPAE时，能很好地改善共混体系的相容性，使共混物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到26．18mPa和18．72％，比未加的分别提高了107．67％和34．68％；共混体系的绝对复数黏度随着A-HPAE用量的增大而降低；扫描电子显微镜分析表明，A-HPAE增强了PVC和PP之间的界面黏结作用，减小了共混体系中分散相的尺寸。     

镁基大块非晶合金的制备与性能研究

采用铜模浇铸的方法成功制备了最大直径为12mm的Mg65Cu20Ag5Gd10非晶合金,并对其结构、热稳定性能、非晶形成能力、压缩性能及断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明,Mg65Cu20Ag5Gd10具有较强的玻璃形成能力和良好的热稳定性能;合金的断裂强度达895MPa,弹性应变为2.35%.     

Study on toughening mechanisms of pyrolytic carbon interface layer in Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites using in-situ tensile experimental and numerical methods

The toughening mechanism in continuous fiber toughened ZrB₂-SiC ceramic matrix (C_f/ZrB₂-SiC) composites was studied upon introduction of pyrolytic carbon coating at the fiber/matrix interface. The real-time deformation behavior, surface crack initiation and evolution of C_f/ZrB₂-SiC composites under tensile load were studied using in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the typical damage modes and toughening mechanisms. A refined microscopic representative volume element (RVE) inserting the cohesive zone elements was established to study the PyC interface layer damage by using finite element method. It was found that PyC interface layer damage induced by thermal residual stress (TRS) was one of critical factors affecting the mechanical performance of the C_f/ZrB₂-SiC composites. The critical thickness of the interface layer was also further determined by analyzing the effect of interface layer thickness on the distribution of TRS, which can guide the design of PyC interface layer for manufacturing the C_f/ZrB₂-SiC composites.     

化学镀制备玄武岩纤维/镍核壳结构及其表征

采用简单易行的化学镀方法，在较低的温度下制备出一种新型的玄武岩纤维／镍核壳结构。SEM、XRD、XPS分析结果表明，金属Ni颗粒吸附在玄武岩纤维表面，形成了一层均匀连续的镍壳层。通过对试验结果进行分析，得出了制备玄武岩纤维／镍核壳结构的最佳温度和pH值分别为50℃和10．0。文中对化学镀核壳结构的形成机理也进行了初步分析。