Nb微合金化汽车用TWIP钢的研究进展

汽车是日常生活中主要交通工具之一,其用钢质量的优劣直接关系到汽车本身及乘坐人员的安全,因此研发高性能汽车用钢至关重要。微合金化是有效改善汽车用钢性能的手段之一,微合金元素铌可细化晶粒,提高材料的强韧性及氢致延迟断裂性能,备受研究者的青睐。总结了微合金元素铌对汽车用TWIP钢组织的影响,综述了铌对汽车TWIP钢力学性能、耐磨性能及抗氢致延迟断裂性能等的作用及相应机制,并提出了现阶段铌微合金化汽车用TWIP钢研究过程中存在的问题,为后续低成本、高效地发挥铌元素在高强度汽车钢中的应用提供参考依据。     

Photoluminescent and electrical properties of novel Nd3+ doped ZnV2O6 and Zn2V2O7

Nd³⁺ doped ZnV₂O₆ and Zn₂V₂O₇ samples were synthetized by using melt-quenching method. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that both samples are polycrystalline. The crystallinity was also verified by Raman scattering, from which the different vibrational modes of ZnV₂O₆ and Zn₂V₂O₇ were detected. Electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows that the Nd³⁺ incorporation into the ZnV₂O₆ and Zn₂V₂O₇ hosts is around 0.9±0.1 and 0.2±0.1 at%, respectively. The micrographs obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy, reveal that the Nd³⁺ doped ZnV₂O₆ sample is predominantly composed by micro-rods, whereas the Nd³⁺ doped Zn₂V₂O₇ one is only composed by irregular blocks. The band gap energies (E_g) were calculated from the diffuse reflectance spectra by the Kubelka–Munk equation; E_g values resulted to be 2.24 and 2.86 eV for the Nd³⁺ doped ZnV₂O₆ and Zn₂V₂O₇ samples, respectively. By means of two points dark conductivity measurements, conductivity values in the 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁸(Ω cm)⁻¹range for the Nd³⁺ doped ZnV₂O₆ and Zn₂V₂O₇ samples were measured, respectively. The conductivity as a function of the temperature indicated a semiconductor behavior. The photoluminescence spectra upon Ar⁺ laser excitation at 488 nm, exhibited the Nd³⁺ characteristics emissions. For instance, the Nd³⁺ doped ZnV₂O₆ sample displayed the Nd^{3+ 4}F_5/2→⁴I_9/2 and ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2 emissions; while the Nd³⁺ doped Zn₂V₂O₇ one showed the Nd³⁺ characteristic emissions associated with the ⁴G_7/2, ⁴F_9/2, ⁴F_5/2 and ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2 transitions. The lifetimes were 80 and 130 µs for the Nd³⁺ doped ZnV₂O₆ and Zn₂V₂O₇ samples, respectively. All these results suggest a successful synthesis of Nd³⁺ doped zinc vanadate compounds by the melt-quenching technique.     

An investigation on effects of various parameters on viscosities of coal–water mixture prepared with Erzurum–Aşkale lignite coal

In this study the effects of parameters such as coal loading (wt.%), the initial pH of mixture, the addition of various electrolytes, surfactants and temperature on the viscosity and rheologic parameters of coal–water mixture (CWM) have been investigated. The apparent viscosity was measured with a RV8-Brookfield rotating type viscosimeter. The additives used were AlCl₃ and K₂HPO₄ as the electrolytes and Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and Borrosperse NA-3A as the surfactants. It was found that the most effective additives, in terms of the viscosity reduction, were CTAB and K₂HPO₄, and that the CWM which had coal concentrations up to 50% (based on the weight of dry coal) could be prepared by using each additives. In addition, the viscosities of CWM with increasing temperature were found to increase at low speed, and decrease at high speed.     

冷却工艺对高速连铸结晶器传热的影响

 为了分析冷却水的供水工艺对结晶器铜壁和冷却水温度场的影响,基于结晶器铜壁热电偶实测温度,构建铸坯/铜壁传热反问题和铜壁/冷却水正问题数学模型,采用ANSYS建立铸坯/铜壁/冷却水数值分析模型,对薄板坯结晶器温度场进行耦合传热分析,解析不同冷却工艺对高速薄板坯连铸结晶器内传热行为的影响。结果表明,水缝内冷却水流动方向对铜壁温度场具有显著影响,采用自上而下“反向供水”,比常规冷却工艺时铜壁热面温度峰值降低117 ℃,铜壁侧冷却水最高温度降低24 ℃,有效改善铜板工作状态,抑制冷却水局部沸腾趋势。提高冷却水速度可以进一步降低铜壁和冷却水温度,冷却水温度对铜壁温度场影响较小。     

Transient shrinkage behavior of wustite-centered binary/ternary/quaternary/quinary-component oxide packed beds in a reducing atmosphere up to 1773 K

Wustite (FeO)-centered multicomponent oxides play an important role in the ironmaking process, and a complete understanding of their high temperature behaviors is of great importance for process optimization to achieve high efficiency and low emissions during industrial production. In this work, the transient shrinkages of FeO-centered multicomponent oxide packed beds are quantitatively determined in a reducing atmosphere up to 1773 K, and the effects of the interactions between the oxides on the shrinkage rate (SR) are qualitatively evaluated. The results show that although mixing CaO with FeO increases the SR to 0.42%/K below 1173 K, further mixing with SiO₂ or Al₂O₃ significantly limits this enhancement effect due to the formation of an olivine or spinel phase. However, in the subsequent stage, the SR increases to as high as 0.44%/K after CO is injected. The interaction between FeO and MgO leads to an SR of greater than 0.20%/K at lower temperatures, but it causes a decrease in the SR from 0.33%/K to 0.16%/K between 1173 K and 1273 K. Meanwhile, adding SiO₂ slows the reduction reaction, and the SR correspondingly decreases further to 0.04%/K. On the other hand, the interaction between CaO and Al₂O₃ takes precedence over the interaction between SiO₂ and MgO and dominates the shrinkage process in the quinary-component case, and the preferentially formed CaAl₂O₄ spinel phase hinders the formation of the Mg₂SiO₄ olivine phase.     

低碳钢薄板坯高速连铸保护渣研究与优化

 针对低碳钢薄板坯高速连铸过程中保护渣液渣层过薄、黏结报警频发、铸坯表面纵裂纹过多等问题,在充分考虑高拉速下低碳钢凝固收缩特性的基础上,确定了保护渣润滑与传热性能的优化方向并开展了工业试验。将保护渣碱度从1.10提高到1.30,Li₂O质量分数从0.57%提高到1.06%,Na₂O质量分数从5.48%提高到8.16%,碳质量分数由7.71%降低到6.72%。对2种保护渣的流变性能和渣膜3层结构进行了深入研究,发现优化后保护渣渣膜中的液渣层比例增加,渣膜润滑系数α增大;同时,渣膜中的结晶层比例也有一定程度的提高,渣膜热阻系数β增大,从而使保护渣的润滑性能和控制传热能力均得到改善。从矿相分析结果看出,保护渣碱度的提高在一定程度上会促进硅灰石的析出,导致渣膜结晶率提高、热阻增大,进而起到控制传热的目的。生产实践表明,在拉速提高后,使用新型保护渣基本避免了黏结和裂纹的产生,生产效率和铸坯质量均得到显著提高。     

A MoSi2-SiOC-Si3N4/SiC anti-oxidation coating for C/C composites prepared at relatively low temperature

In this study, SiC coating for C/C composites was prepared by pack cementation method at 1773 K, and MoSi₂-SiOC-Si₃N₄ as an outer coating was successfully fabricated on the SiC coated samples by slurry method at 1273 K. The microstructure and phase composition of the coatings were analyzed. Results showed that a porous β-SiC inner coating and a crack-free MoSi₂-SiOC-Si₃N₄ coating are formed. Effect of Si₃N₄ content on the oxidation resistance of the coated C/C composites at 1773 K in air was also investigated. The weight loss curves revealed that introducing the appropriate proportion of Si₃N₄ could improve the oxidation resistance of coating. The MoSi₂-SiOC/SiC coated C/C sample had an accelerated weight loss after oxidation in air for 20 h. However, the coating containing 45% Si₃N₄ could protect C/C composition from oxidation for 100 h with a minute weight loss of 0.63%.     

Heat transfer analysis of thermal disassociation of ZnO for solar hydrogen production

Hydrogen production by the two-step solar thermochemical cycle has high cycle efficiency, low cost, and a great development space. Of special interest is the solar thermochemical cycle based on ZnO/Zn redox reactions since its high theoretical hydrogen yield and relatively low endothermic reaction temperature. In this paper, a steady heat transfer model for thermal ZnO dissociation in a solar thermochemical reactor is developed, coupling conduction, convection and radiation with chemical reaction. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison of results obtained from other references. Based on the new proposed reactor, the model is adopted to analyze the operating parameter effect on the conversion rate and fluid feature inside the solar reactor. The results show that the mass flow rate of ZnO and aperture gas temperature have a positive relation with ZnO conversion rate, however, the diameter of particles and aperture gas velocity has an inverse relation with ZnO conversion rate under specific condition. The results will provide useful foundation for improving the solar-to-fuel conversion rate in the near future.     

超低碳钢连铸坯钩状坯壳的演变与夹杂物的捕集

超低碳钢常用于生产汽车面板等表面质量要求较高的产品.连铸坯皮下的钩状坯壳很容易捕集夹杂物导致冷轧钢板表面出现翘皮、亮/暗线等缺陷,对产品质量具有严重危害.采用数值模拟分析了钩状坯壳的形成和演变过程.将计算的初生坯壳形状制作成物理模型,模拟了夹杂物在凝固前沿被捕集的过程,并对凝固钩区域不同位置的夹杂物的受力特征进行了分析.结果表明,凝固钩在弯月面中形成以后,不会直接湮没进坯壳内,而是要经历熔化、变粗、生长、湮没等逐步演变的过程.数值模型预测拉速1.3 m·min-1条件下最终存留在坯壳中的凝固钩深度约为2.5 mm,这与实际观察到的钩状坯壳的尺寸基本一致.模拟得到的钩状坯壳形貌与铸坯表层和漏钢坯壳的金相特征较为接近.夹杂物最容易在凝固钩下表面被捕集,不容易在凝固钩上表面被捕集,特别是对尺寸相对较大的夹杂物.但是溢流发生时,靠近弯月面处的夹杂物可能随着钢流进入到初生凝固钩上部而被快速冷却的钢液包裹.两道凝固钩之间的坯壳由于其凝固前沿处于垂直分布,小于100 μm夹杂物可能被捕集而大尺寸夹杂物不易被捕集.