Process parameters design of a three-dimensional and five-directional braided composite joint based on finite element analysis

This paper presents an analytical method for designing the configuration of composite joint with three-dimensional (3D) five-directional braided composites. Based on the analysis of 3D braided structure characteristics, the elastic properties of the 3D five-directional braided composites were determined by the volume averaging method. The effects of the braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the elastic constants of the braided composites were also discussed. Finite element analysis on the load capacity of the 3D five-directional braided composite joint was implemented using the software ANSYS Workbench 14.0. The influence of braiding angle on the stress, strain and deformation of the composite joint under tensile loading were calculated. The results show that when the fiber volume fraction of the 3D five-directional braided preform is given, the equivalent stress of the composite joint decreases monotonically as the braiding angle increases, while the normal stress, maximum principal stress and total deformation firstly decreases and then increases. Based on the finite element analysis, we found that at the fiber volume fraction of 60%, the braiding angle within the range of 30–35° are the optimum processing parameters for the 3D five-directional braided composite joint structure that used in the tensile load 320 N condition.     

Characteristics of tungsten coatings deposited by molten salt electro-deposition and thermal fatigue properties of electrodeposited tungsten coatings

Tungsten coatings were obtained on a tungsten substrate by molten salt electrodeposition (MSE) at 50 mA/cm² for 60 min in a NaCl-KCl-NaF-WO₃ (0.3385:0.3385:0.25:0.0 73mol) melt at 800 °C. The MSE tungsten coatings have rough rectangular pyramid surface and special columnar grains structure. Thermal fatigue tests have shown that the damage factor of MSE tungsten coatings was smaller than that of rolled tungsten under the same thermal loads and MSE tungsten coatings displayed better thermal fatigue properties compared to that of rolled tungsten, which was attributed to high purity, special columnar grains and rectangular pyramid surface morphology.     

42CrMo钢火焰喷涂Ni60/WC涂层的电接触强化研究

目的研究电接触强化对氧乙炔火焰喷涂后42CrMo基体表面涂层组织与性能的影响,以改善涂层与基体之间的结合强度,提升基体表面性能。方法利用氧乙炔火焰喷涂,在基体表面制备Ni60/WC涂层,再进行电接触强化。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方式,对涂层及基体进行显微组织观察和物相分析,利用维氏显微硬度仪测量涂层到基体的硬度分布,并对电接触强化前后的数据进行对比分析。结果在热喷涂涂层厚度一定的情况下,经15 k A电流强度电接触强化后,涂层的致密性显著提高,孔隙明显减少,与基体接触部分的界面缝隙消失,结合方式发生改变。涂层硬度均匀性改善明显,维氏硬度显著提高,由原来400HV提升至720HV左右。涂层内部形成了Cr元素聚集区,W元素扩散明显,形成了合金元素碳化物,对涂层起到弥散强化作用。结论电接触强化能显著提高涂层性能与质量,改变涂层与基体之间的结合方式。     

In situ microscopy techniques for characterizing the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of two-dimensional (2D) materials

Due to the atomic thickness and planar characteristics, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered to be excellent electronic materials, which endow them with great potential for future device applications. The robust and reliable application of their functional devices requires an in-depth understanding of their mechanical properties and deformation behavior, which is also of fundamental importance in nanomechanics. Considering their exceedingly small sizes and thicknesses, this is a very challenge task. In situ microscopy techniques show great superiority in this respect. This review focuses on the progress in in situ microscopy techniques (including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) in characterizing the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of 2D materials. The technical characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and main research fields of various in situ AFM, SEM, and TEM techniques are analyzed in detail, and the corresponding mechanical scenarios from point to plane are realized, including local indentation, planar stretching, friction sliding between atomic layers and atomic movement mechanisms. By virtue of their complementary advantages, in situ integrated microscopy techniques enable the simultaneous study of various mechanical properties, nanomechanical behavior, and inherent atomic mechanisms of 2D materials. Based on the present research, we look forward to further optimized in situ integrated microscopy techniques with high spatiotemporal atomic resolution that can reveal the dynamic structure-performance correlations and corresponding atomic mechanisms between the physical properties, such as mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties of 2D materials and their crystal structures, electronic structures, atomic layers, defect densities and other influencing factors under multifield coupling conditions. This will provide beneficial predictions and guidance for the design, construction and application of 2D material-based mechanoelectronic, piezoelectric, photoelectric, thermoelectric, etc. nanoelectronic devices.     

The effect of high-energy methods of forming on the sintering behaviour and properties of Si3N4-based materials

In the study, Si₃N₄-Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃ samples were obtained in two stages. In the first stage, the materials were compacted using different methods: Isostatic Pressing, UHP (Ultra High Pressure), and SC (Shock Compaction). In the second stage, the green body samples obtained were sintered using the free sintering method.Powder mixtures, in wt%, 88 Si₃N₄ - 6 Al₂O₃ - 6Y₂O₃, were based on commercial nano - and micropowders. The parameters of green bodies compaction and sintering processes were optimised using the criteria of highest density, hardness, and Young's modulus. When compared to theoretical density values, the density of green body samples was 58% for the Isostatic Pressing and 82% for UHP and Shock Compaction. The Vickers hardness was measured only for Shock Compacted green body samples and was ~10.8–14 GPa depending on the applied load during the measurement. The largest changes in lattice constant parameters were measured for the Y₂O₃ phase for the dynamic compaction method (a = 0.02% - 2.26%).The highest relative density was measured for materials which were compacted by UHP method and subsequently free sintered (95%). Young's modulus for UHP and Isostatic green body free sintered samples was 284 GPa and 241 GPa, respectively. The hardness values of samples after free sintering were as follows: 11.7GPa for Isostatic, 14.8 GPa for UHP, and 17.6 GPa for Shock Compaction samples.