硅烷涂层对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

目的提高316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能。方法在316L不锈钢样品表面涂覆主要成分为1,2-二(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTSE)的硅烷涂层。通过电化学分析测试,评价涂覆硅烷涂层的316L不锈钢的耐蚀性,并通过扫描电子显微镜和扫描电化学显微镜对其表面形貌进行分析。结果在相同的腐蚀环境下,与未涂覆硅烷涂层的316L不锈钢样品相比,涂覆硅烷涂层样品的表面更加光滑,点蚀现象明显好转。电化学测试结果显示,涂覆硅烷涂层的316L不锈钢样品的腐蚀电位为?565.02m V,未涂覆硅烷涂层样品的腐蚀电位为?796.01 mV,前者明显高于后者,其腐蚀倾向明显减小。另外,涂覆硅烷涂层的316L不锈钢样品的腐蚀电流为2.5177μA,未涂覆硅烷涂层样品的腐蚀电流为5.4291μA,涂覆硅烷涂层样品的腐蚀电流明显更小,表现出了更好的耐腐蚀性能。通过观察扫描电化学显微镜图像可以得出,未涂覆硅烷涂层的316L不锈钢样品的电流范围为?3.144×10?9～?1.957×10?9 A,涂覆硅烷涂层的316L不锈钢样品的电流范围为?3.004×10?9～?1.975×10?9A,涂覆硅烷涂层样品的电流范围更窄,腐蚀程度明显减轻。结论在316L不锈钢表面涂覆硅烷涂层可以在一定程度上减缓样品的腐蚀程度,硅烷涂层起到了物理屏障的作用,显着提高了316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。     

纳米TiO2对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜耐磨性的影响及机理

目的 提高D16T铝合金的耐磨损性能。方法 通过向硅酸盐和磷酸盐混合电解液体系中添加2 g/L纳米TiO2添加剂,利用微弧氧化技术在其表面制备微弧氧化陶瓷膜。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、显微硬度计、厚度测试仪、摩擦磨损试验机等,研究了纳米TiO2添加剂对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜的结构和耐磨损性能的影响及机理。结果 纳米TiO2的添加使得微弧氧化膜层的表面变得更加平整、致密,具有更少的微孔和裂纹,大大改善了膜层结构。相比于未添加纳米TiO2的电解液中制得的微弧氧化膜,在含纳米TiO2的电解液中所制得的微弧氧化膜中有新相TiO2生成,并且促使更多的α-Al2O3相和γ-Al2O3相生成,使膜层厚度得到明显增加,膜厚达31.2 μm,显微硬度也得到显著提高,达510HV。纳米TiO2的添加,降低了D16T微弧氧化膜层试样的摩擦系数,平均摩擦系数为0.45,明显低于不含纳米TiO2的D16T微弧氧化膜层试样的摩擦系数（0.75）。结论 加入到电解液中的纳米TiO2在微弧氧化反应过程中已进入到所形成的氧化膜层,并且填充了膜层中的微孔和裂纹,改善了膜层结构,增加了膜层厚度,显著提高了微弧氧化膜层的显微硬度和耐磨损性能。     

Assessment of CO2 capture options from various points in steam methane reforming for hydrogen production

Steam methane reforming (SMR) is currently the main hydrogen production process in industry, but it has high emissions of CO₂, at almost 7 kg CO₂/kg H₂ on average, and is responsible for about 3% of global industrial sector CO₂ emissions. Here, the results are reported of an investigation of the effect of steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) on CO₂ capture criteria from various locations in the process, i.e. synthesis gas stream (location 1), pressure swing adsorber (PSA) tail gas (location 2), and furnace flue gases (location 3). The CO₂ capture criteria considered in this study are CO₂ partial pressure, CO₂ concentration, and CO₂ mass ratio compared to the final exhaust stream, which is furnace flue gases. The CO₂ capture number (N_cc) is proposed as measure of capture favourability, defined as the product of the three above capture criteria. A weighting of unity is used for each criterion. The best S/C ratio, in terms of providing better capture option, is determined. CO₂ removal from synthesis gas after the shift unit is found to be the best location for CO₂ capture due to its high partial pressure of CO₂. However, furnace flue gases, containing almost 50% of the CO₂ in produced in the process, are of great significance environmentally. Consequently, the effects of oxygen enrichment of the furnace feed are investigated, and it is found that this measure improves the CO₂ capture conditions for lower S/C ratios. Consequently, for an S/C ratio of 2.5, CO₂ capture from a flue gas stream is competitive with two other locations provided higher weighting factors are considered for the full presence of CO₂ in the flue gases stream. Considering carbon removal from flue gases, the ratio of hydrogen production rate and N_cc increases with rising reformer temperature.     

温度对P110钢在水泥挤出液中钝化膜性能的影响

目的 探究P110套管钢在不同温度下生成的钝化膜的性能差异,找到能使P110套管钢生成最稳定钝化膜的温度,同时了解该温度下氯离子对钝化膜的破坏规律。方法 利用极化曲线、交流阻抗谱（EIS）和Mott-Schottky测试,研究了P110套管钢材料在pH值为13.0的水泥挤出液中浸泡4 d的钝化行为,讨论了在低、中、高（40、65、90 ℃）三种温度下生成的钝化膜的稳定性,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对各试样表面微观形貌进行观察。最后在溶液中加入不同浓度的氯离子,通过测试极化曲线了解氯离子对钝化膜的破坏规律。结果 试样在40、65、90 ℃下的腐蚀电流密度分别为2.2727×10?6、4.0452×10?7、1.7081× 10?5 A/cm2,膜电阻分别为100 100、238 200、5480 Ω?cm2。40、65 ℃下所生成的钝化膜呈p型半导体特征,而90 ℃下呈双极型半导体特征。65 ℃下,随着氯离子浓度的增加,试样的腐蚀电位负移,耐蚀性逐渐降低,腐蚀速率增大,当浓度达到0.1 mol/L时,钝化膜的膜层结构已被破坏。结论 P110套管钢在pH值为13.0的水泥挤出液中浸泡4 d,表面能够生成钝化膜。在65 ℃溶液中生成的钝化膜耐蚀性最好,膜层结构更加致密,40 ℃次之,90 ℃最差。氯离子对钝化膜有侵蚀作用,高浓度的氯离子可以直接导致稳定钝化膜的破坏。     

呼探1井井口压力波动特征及成因机理

呼探1井是准噶尔盆地南缘中段首口获得天然气勘探重大发现的超深层异常高压气井,该井在试采时井口压力出现大幅波动,无法有效确定储集层参数及开展合理产能评价。因此,基于颗粒架桥堵塞原理,利用气藏动态分析法,表征了裂缝中颗粒循环堵塞—解堵变化趋势;同时,建立呼探1井双重介质渗流机理模型,开展压力波动特征分析及成因机理研究。研究表明,裂缝中颗粒循环堵塞—解堵是造成压力大幅波动的主要原因,一方面,随着裂缝中颗粒不断运移解堵,压力波动幅度逐渐减小,表皮系数逐渐减小,采气能力趋于稳定;另一方面,在裂缝循环堵塞—解堵的过程中,裂缝开度越大,压力波动幅度越大,同一裂缝开度下,近端裂缝堵塞—解堵,导致压力波动幅度较大,远端则相反。不仅为准噶尔盆地南缘中段储集层特征研究、井位部署、产能评价提供依据,而且为超深层异常高压气井压力分析提供借鉴。     

Structural studies of zinc oxide films grown by RF magnetron sputtering

The main purpose of this study consists of researching the piezoelectric characteristics of ZnO films grown by RF magnetron sputtering in reactive plasma. In this way the influence of deposition parameters, such as RF power and plasma oxygen content, on the structural and morphological properties of the films are analyzed.ZnO films are grown on SiO₂/Si(1 0 0) substrate using a zinc oxide target. Different RF powers (from 50 to 200 W) and reactive plasmas (from 5 to 15% of oxygen content) have been tested and optimized to produce good quality films suitable for fabricating surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices.Crystalline structures and morphological characteristics of the films are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively.SAW devices are fabricated with “IDT(Al)/ZnO/SiO₂Si” configuration. The frequency response of these devices is measured for their characterization.     

冲旋钻井系统能量传递模型分析

能量传递效率是冲旋钻技术的一个关键性能指标,直接影响破岩效率。在现有冲旋钻井系统能量传递效率研究的基础上,建立了2种波形作用下的冲击系统能量传递效率计算模型,同时开展了实例计算,找到了能量传递效率η与匹配参数β之间的关系,为冲击钻具设计及现场作业提供了理论依据。     

Insights into the visible light photocatalytic activity of S-doped hydrated TiO2

Cationic doping of TiO₂ anatase with sulphur represents a facile method to improve catalytic and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production and extend the action spectrum of TiO₂ into the visible light region. However, there is a lot of misunderstanding when trying to explain the experimental findings and suggest theoretical models. In the present computational research work, novel theoretical models are put forward representing fully hydroxylated small anatase nanoparticles with S(IV) and S(VI) doping in various surface positions and in the bulk. It was found that sulfur in the doped anatase nanoparticles preserves its typical coordination geometries of trigonal pyramid for S(IV) and tetrahedron for S(VI). Doping in the anatase surface is much more energetically favorable compared to doping in the bulk. Doping with S(IV) causes decrease of the band gap from 3.22 to 2.65 eV while S(VI) doping could decrease E_g only to 2.96 eV. Location of photogenerated electrons and holes depends strongly on the position of dopant atoms and their valent state. Contrary to some experimental works, no strong and extended visible light absorption bands could be found with cationic doped hydroxylated anatase nanoparticles. However, improved charges separation is observed indeed and causes improved photocatalytic hydrogen production.     

Phase selection in the undercooled peritectic Y3Fe5O12 melt

Containerless solidification of peritectic Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ garnet (YIG) was examined using an aero-acoustic levitator to investigate the direct growth of YIG from the undercooled melt. Although the melt was undercooled below the peritectic temperature (T_p), YFeO₃ perovskite (YIP) was primarily solidified in the spontaneously nucleated specimen. The phase selection theory based on the competitive growth indicates that YIG never solidifies directly from the undercooled melt even when the melt is undercooled much below T_p. However, when the melt undercooled below T_p was dropped onto the copper chill plate with high thermal conductivity, YIG solidified around the chill plate as a primary phase. On the other hand, for the undercooled melt dropped onto the quartz glass chill plate with low thermal conductivity, YIP primarily solidified. These results suggest that the high cooling rate achieved by the copper chill plate prevented the nucleation of YIP and led to the direct growth of YIG, which is explained by the phase selection based on the competitive nucleation rate.     

含腐蚀缺陷油气管道评价技术研究进展

由于外部环境及输送介质的影响,油气管道在运行过程中不可避免地会出现腐蚀缺陷,腐蚀处会产生应力集中的现象,从而削弱管道的承压能力。因此,必须对含腐蚀缺陷的管道进行剩余强度及剩余寿命评价,评价结果可以为缺陷管线的维修计划提供重要依据。综述了国内外主要的腐蚀缺陷管道评价规范,分析了不同规范的适用范围。从单个腐蚀和群腐蚀两个方面展开论述,归纳了含腐蚀缺陷管道评价技术的最新研究进展,并介绍了目前的研究热点——群腐蚀缺陷管道剩余强度评价方法以及腐蚀缺陷间相互影响准则(interaction rule)。另外,论述了目前腐蚀管道剩余寿命预测的常用方法,包括灰色预测法以及可靠度函数分析法。最后,总结了腐蚀缺陷管道评价技术研究进展,并对未来的研究工作提出了展望。