Calorimetric study and thermodynamic description of Ga-Ge-Li liquid alloys

This publication contains the thermodynamic results received by the drop calorimetry method. The experiments were conducted for four different cross sections, at the temperature of 1080 K. The investigated alloys were as follows: (Ga_0.75Li_0.25)_1-xGe_x, (Ge_0.50Li_0.50)_1-xGa_x, (Ga_0.50Li_0.50)_1-xGe_x, (Ga_0.25Li_0.75)_1-xGe_x. The mixing enthalpy changes measured for all four cross sections of the Ga-Ge-Li system are characterized by negative deviations from the ideal solutions. The Muggianu model with the ternary interaction parameters was applied to elaborate the experimental data of the mixing enthalpy change with the use of the optimized thermodynamic parameters of the binary systems available in the literature.     

A size-dependent thermodynamic model for coke crystallites: The carbon–hydrogen system up to 2500 K

The development is presented of a model of the thermodynamic functions of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy for the elements carbon and hydrogen in coke crystallites. It is applicable to varying degrees of graphitization, described by the crystallite length L_a and the crystallite height L_c. The model parameters are derived from known properties such as bond enthalpies and entropies of formation. Good agreement has been obtained between the predicted thermal dehydrogenation of petroleum cokes and experimental data. The removal of hydrogen from idealized coke crystallites is predicted to occur mostly between 1100 and 1300 K. Agreement has also been found in the comparison of the predicted thermodynamic stability of coke relative to graphite, in a previous experimental study. This stability has been determined as at ≈900 J g⁻¹ at temperatures between 950 and 1250 K and for L_a = 10 nm. The current predictive capacity of the present model is valid for temperatures up to 2500 K.     

Comparative studies of normally-off Al0.26Ga0.74N/AlN/GaN/Si high electron mobility transistors with different gate structures

Systematic designs to achieve normally-off operation and improved device performance for Al_0.26Ga_0.74N/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on a Si substrate are investigated in this work. The step-by-step approach includes: (1) devising a thin AlGaN/AlN composite barrier, (2) introducing fluoride ions within the active region by using CF₄ plasma treatment, (3) growing the Al₂O₃ oxide passivation layers within gate-drain/source regions by using a cost-effective ozone water oxidization technique, and (4) integrating a metal-oxide-semiconductor gate (MOS-gate) design with high-k Al₂O₃ gate dielectric. Devices with four different evolutionary gate structures have been compared and studied. Variations of threshold voltage (V_th), Hooge coefficients (α_H), maximum drain-source current density (I_{DS, max}), maximum extrinsic transconductance (g_{m, max}), gate-voltage swing (GVS) linearity, two-terminal gate-drain breakdown/turn-on voltages (BV_GD/V_on), on/off current ratio (I_on/I_off), and high-temperature characteristics up to 450 K are also investigated.     

Explosive compaction of Al2O3 nanopowders

Dense bulk alumina (Al₂O₃) has been prepared by explosive compaction and its microstructure has been investigated by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The average microhardness of the alumina compact is about 171 HV0.025. Ultra-thin alumina films with glassy (translucent) appearance formed during the explosive compaction process. Nanograin Al₂O₃ particles are covered by amorphous Al₂O₃ which help to achieve a dense microstructure by promoting interparticles bonding. Phase transformation from γ-Al₂O₃ to α-Al₂O₃ during the explosive compaction process has been confirmed. Formation of the alumina compact is due to the large cooling rate and the high pressure during the explosive compaction.     

High-temperature glassy-ceramic sealants SiO2—Al2O3—BaO—MgO and SiO2—Al2O3—ZrO2—CaO—Na2O for solid oxide electrochemical devices

Glasses of the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–BaO–MgO and SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–CaO–Na₂O systems were synthesized in the perspective to apply them as sealants in SOFC at operating temperatures of 700–900 °C. Thermal properties of the chosen glass compositions and their compatibility with the SOFC materials (YSZ-electrolyte and alloy-interconnector Crofer22APU, 15×25T) were investigated by means of synchronic thermal analysis and high-temperature dilatometry. The elemental analysis was performed by atomic emission spectroscopy. The average values of the temperature coefficients of the linear extension are 10.0×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ for glass 45%SiO₂– 15%Al₂O₃–25%BaO–15%MgO and 9.5×10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹ for glass 60%SiO₂–10%Al₂O₃–10%ZrO₂–5%CaO–15%Na₂O. The gluing microstructure in YSZ/glass/Crofer22APU was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization process of silicate phases was revealed to occur in the SiO₂–Al₂O₃–BaO–MgO glass. The analysis of the crystallization products was performed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Glassy ceramics was proved to possess better parameters in comparison with amorphous glass to be used as a sealant in electrochemical sensors and oxygen sensors. The SiO₂–Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–CaO–Na₂O low-temperature amorphous glass can be applied in SOFC.     

Investigation of residual stresses on the boundary of SiC/SiC + 20% TiB2 composite materials joining by optic modulation–polarization method

The optical method of registration of internal stresses in composite materials is offered. The method is based on the modulation of polarization of laser radiation reflected from anisotropic media and the definition of its anisotropy parameters by means of this modulation. Residual stresses on the border of SiC/SiC + 20% TiB₂ joining, caused by the difference of temperature expansion coefficients, were studied by the offered method. The experimental curve of stress distribution is in a good qualitative agreement with theoretical calculation. The stress magnitude obtained by the given method well coincides with the values obtained by a Raman scattering method and diffraction of X-ray radiation.     

碳纳米管和镍共修饰BDD电极及其在非酶葡萄糖电化学传感器中的应用

目的 制备碳纳米管-镍/掺硼金刚石复合电极（CNTs-Ni/BDD）,并用于非酶葡萄糖电化学检测。方法 采用热丝化学气相沉积（HFCVD）在硅基体上沉积BDD,然后采用物理气相沉积（PVD）技术在BDD上沉积Ni薄膜,最后在管式炉中对Ni/BDD样品进行900 ℃热催化处理,调控热处理时间分别为30、90 min,得到不同微观结构的CNTs-Ni/BDD复合电极。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、Raman光谱和电化学工作站分别表征电极的表面形貌、成分和电化学性能。结果 在Ni的高温催化作用下,BDD作为基体和唯一碳源,在其表面直接生长出CNTs,实现Ni纳米颗粒和CNTs共修饰BDD。热处理时间由30 min增加到90 min,CNTs长度明显增加,对BDD的覆盖程度增加,且顶端的Ni颗粒消失。CNTs和Ni的共修饰作用极大地提升了葡萄糖的电化学检测性能,且30 min-CNTs-Ni/BDD复合电极性能更优异,其灵敏度在葡萄糖浓度0.005~0.02 mmol/L、0.02~1 mmol/L、1.0~5.5 mmol/L线性范围内分别为475、42、19 μA/((mmol/L)?cm2),检测限为0.42 μmol/L（S/N=3）。结论 热催化处理可以简单高效地实现CNTs、Ni共修饰BDD,该复合电极能够有效地提升葡萄糖电化学检测性能。     

Development of lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete with shale ceramsite

This paper developed a lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LAGC) with shale ceramsite. 18 groups of LAGC specimens with 3 sand ratios (30%, 40% and 50%) and 6 aggregate contents (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%) were prepared. A series of static tests (dry density test and uniaxial compression test) and dynamic tests (ultrasonic pulse velocity test) were performed to achieve the dry density, compression strength and P-wave velocity. The effects of sand ratio and aggregate content on the dry density, compression strength and P-wave velocity were discussed. Two optimal mix proportions for the LAGC were proposed. The results show that the dry density and P-wave velocity increase as sand ratio increases. The compressive strength increases then decreases as sand ratio increases. In addition, the dry density and compressive strength decrease as aggregate content increases. The P-wave velocity increases as aggregate content increases. The LAGC with the sand ratio of 30% and aggregate contents of 30% reaches the dry density of 1378.0 kg/m³ and compressive strength of 18.5 MPa. The LAGC with the sand ratio of 30% and aggregate contents of 40% reaches the dry density of 1348.0 kg/m³ and compressive strength of 16.8 MPa. Both of the proportions satisfied the engineering requirements, which are recommended for the potential application in the construction.     

Structure,Judd-Ofelt analysis and spectra studies of Sm3+-doped MO-ZnO-B2O3–P2O5 (M = Mg,Ca, Sr,Ba) glasses for reddish-orange light application

In the present work, a series of Sm³⁺-doped MO-ZnO-B₂O₃–P₂O₅ (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) glasses were prepared. The glass structure and luminescence properties were investigated by XRD, DSC, IR, absorption spectroscopy, Judd-Ofelt theory and photoluminescence spectra. The J-O parameters of Sm³⁺-doped glasses follow the trend of Ω₄＞Ω₆＞Ω₂. Under the excitation of 401 nm Xenon lamp, Sm³⁺-doped glasses exhibited four emissions from the transitions of ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_J/2 (J = 5, 7, 9, 11) in the visible spectra. The luminous intensity of Sm³⁺ increases with the asymmetry in local environments and decreases with the increasing radius of the alkaline-earth cation. Among the as-prepared glass, the Sm³⁺-doped glass containing magnesium oxide exhibits higher values of stimulated emission cross-section (2.18 × 10⁻²¹ cm²), gain bandwidth (1.40 × 10⁻²⁷ cm³), and optical gain (3.83 × 10⁻²⁴ cm²). All the Sm³⁺-doped glasses show intense orange light in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram with a high color purity exceeding 99%. In addition, the time-resolved emission spectra reveal the decay process of the Sm³⁺ ions for the transitions ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_7/2 and ⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_9/2 in the glass containing magnesium oxide. It suggests that Sm³⁺-doped alkaline-earth zinc borophosphate glasses could be a potential candidate for reddish-orange light-conversion fluorescent materials based on the ultraviolet light-emitting diode.