Effect of Eu3+-doping on morphology and fluorescent properties of neodymium vanadate nanorod-arrays

Tetragonal structural (t-NdVO₄) nanorod-arrays were fabricated by simple one-pot hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology and microstructure of NdVO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques. t-NdVO₄ nanorods are single-crystalline with a length of 100 nm and a diameter of 25 nm, which grow orientally along the direction of (112) crystalline plane and self-assemble to form nanorod-arrays. The results show that Eu³⁺-doping interrupts the formation of NdVO₄ nanorod-arrays, and then leads to the red-shift of the strongest luminescence emission of Nd³⁺ transition from ⁴D_3/2 state to ⁴I_11/2 and decreases its intensity of the fluorescence emission at 400 nm sharply. The research results have some reference values to optimize the photoluminescence performance of rare earth vanadates.     

Wave climate analysis for the design of wave energy harvesters in the Mediterranean Sea

The objective of this paper is to provide a synthetic tool for determining expeditiously the wave climate conditions in several areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In the open literature, several authors have already conducted this specific analysis also for the area under examination in this paper. However, the need of discussing aspects strictly related to the design of wave energy harvesters is still relevant. Therefore, considering the variety of devices and the amount of information needed for conducting both an energy-wise optimization and a structural reliability assessment, a holistic view on the topic is provided. Specifically, the paper elucidates the theoretical aspects involved in the estimation of wave energy statistics and in the calculation of relevant return values. Next, it provides synthetic data representing the mean wave power and the return value of extreme events in several coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In this regard, the paper complements information available in the open literature by discussing the influence of the directional pattern of the sea states in the determination of sea state statistics as well as in the design of a wave energy harvester.     

金属间化合物Sm3(Fe1-xVx)29的结构及基微观机制研究

利用X射线衍射，金相显微镜，能谱分析以及差示扫描量热（DSC）等手段对金属间化合物Sm3（Fe1-xVx）29（x=0．01，0．03，0．05，0．08，0．1）的结构及其微观机制进行了研究．结果表明，金属间化合物Sm3（Fe1-xVx）29（x=0．01，0．03，0．05，0．08，0．1）的结构均为3：29型结构。并且随V含量增加，金属间化合物Sm3（Fe1-xVx）29的晶格常数和晶胞体积V均呈减少趋势．当x〉0．05时，金属间化合物Sm3（Fe1-xVx）29中的杂质相明显呈现出来．随着V含量的增加，居里温度（R）星单调上升趋势．     

Iron oxide colouring of highly-translucent 3Y-TZP ceramics for dental restorations

The influence of 0.01–2 mol% Fe₂O₃ powder addition on the microstructure, mechanical and optical properties, and hydrothermal stability of highly-translucent 3Y-TZP ceramics is assessed and compared with commercially available co-precipitated 0.18 mol% Fe₂O₃ doped ZrO₂ powder-based ceramics. Only those ceramics with up to 0.1 mol% Fe₂O₃ resulted in a proper shade for dental zirconia ceramics, with a typical composition of 87 vol% t-ZrO₂ and 13 vol% c-ZrO₂. The amount of cubic phase increased at higher Fe₂O₃ content. The hardness (∼13 GPa) and fracture toughness (∼3.6 MPa m^1/2) of the 0.01 mol% - 0.1 mol% Fe₂O₃ doped 3Y-TZP was comparable, whereas the hardness decreased above 0.5 mol% Fe₂O₃ and the fracture toughness decreased above 2 mol% Fe₂O₃. The hydrothermal ageing resistance slightly increased for Fe₂O₃ concentrations up to 1 mol%, whereas the translucency slightly decreased with increasing Fe₂O₃ content.     

Cu离子掺杂Ni—Zn铁氧体的结构和介电性能

用传统的陶瓷制备工艺制备了Ni0.5-xCuXZn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体,其中x=0．12,0．16,0．20,0．24,0．28。对不同Cu掺杂量的Ni—Zn铁氧体样品的结构、微结构和介电性能进行了研究．结果表明：所有的样品均生成子立方尖晶石结构,x=0．24,0．28时,出现了杂相CuO和CuFe2O4;介电常数随频率变化的曲线显示了尖品行结构铁氧体的正常的介电行为,不同频率下介电常数均随cu含量的增加,先减小后增大,在x=0．20时达到最小值;似介电拟耗角正切曲线随频率变化出现异常行为,所有的样品都出现了多个峰值。     

Computerized prediction of phase diagrams of the eutectic binary systems of nontransition-nontransition metals

The relationship between the interaction parameters of liquid alloys and the atomic parameters of constituent elements has been investigated by artificial neural network method. The relationship found can be used for the computerized prediction of phase diagrams of the eutectic binary systems between non-transition elements.     

AZ91D镁合金钡基磷酸盐转化膜的形貌、组构及其耐腐蚀性能

采用钢铁、铝改进型磷化技术对AZ91D镁合金进行磷化,膜薄,不耐蚀。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术,研究了镁合金预处理后的表面形貌、组构及钡基磷酸盐转化膜的表面形貌及相组成。采用电化学、盐雾和湿热技术测试了磷酸盐转化膜的抗腐蚀性能。结果表明:AZ91D镁合金预处理前后表面的相组成基本不变,酸洗后表面在相界处出现了较深的狭缝;磷酸盐转化膜主要由Mg,MgO和一些无定形的相组成;钡基磷酸盐转化膜可以明显提高AZ91D镁合金的抗腐蚀性能。     

Electrical and photovoltaic properties of SnSe/Si heterojunction

Thin film of SnSe is deposited on n-Si single crystal to fabricate a p-SnSe/n-Si heterojunction photovoltaic cell. Electrical and photoelectrical properties have been studied by the current density–voltage (J–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements at different temperatures. The fabricated cell exhibited rectifying characteristics with a rectification ratio of 131 at ±1 V. At low voltages (V<0.55 V), the dark forward current density is controlled by the multi-step tunneling mechanism. While at a relatively high voltage (V>0.55 V), a space charge-limited-conduction mechanism is observed with trap concentration of 2.3×10²¹ cm⁻³. The C–V measurements showed that the junction is of abrupt nature with built-in voltage of 0.62 V which decreases with temperature by a gradient of 2.83×10⁻³ V/K. The cell also exhibited strong photovoltaic characteristics with an open-circuit voltage of 425 mV, a short-circuit current density of 17.23 mA cm⁻² and a power conversion efficiency of 6.44%. These parameters have been estimated at room temperature and under light illumination provided by a halogen lamp with an input power density of 50 mW cm⁻².     

空位掺杂(La(0.7-x)Y0.3)2/3Ca1/3MnO3的结构及其微观机制研究

利用标准的固相反应法在1 200℃烧结了(La(0.7-x)Y0.3)2/3Ca1/3MnO3(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.10)样品,冷却后,取出部分在1 350℃进行再烧结.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构及表面微观结构进行了研究.X射线衍射测量分析表明样品均为单相,单胞仍然具有正交对称性结构(空间群为Pnm a).通过扫描电镜研究表明,当化合物x=0.04时,(La(0.7-x)Y0.3)2/3Ca1/3MnO3的表面形貌表现为致密度最好.样品在1 350℃再烧结条件下,当x≤0.04时,可以大大降低样品的晶粒大小和孔隙;但当x>0.04时,再烧结对样品的晶体结构和表面微观结构影响不大.     

A model for exploring particle size and temperature dependence of excess heat capacities of nanocrystalline substances

Einstein and Debye vibration modes are considered to be different in surface atoms and in interior atoms of fine solid particles. A model is constructed to predict particle size and temperature dependence of excess heat capacities of nanocrystalline substances. It is shown that excess heat capacity is not proportional to specific surface area. However, when specific surface area is far less than a characteristic area of a sample, the specific excess heat capacity can be viewed as independent of particle size. Several types of temperature dependence of excess heat capacity are predicted, including monotonous increase with increase in temperature, one-peak and two-peaks excess heat capacity vs. temperature curves. The proposed model has been used to fit experimental data of nanostructured silver and rutile