Relaxor antiferroelectric-like characteristic boosting enhanced energy storage performance in eco-friendly (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based ceramics

Ideal relaxor antiferroelectrics (RAFEs) have high field-induced polarization, low remnant polarization and very slim hysteresis, which can generate high recoverable energy storage W_rec and high energy storage efficiency η, thus attracting much attention for energy storage applications. True RAFEs, on the other hand, are extremely rare, and the majority of them contain environmentally hazardous lead. In this work, we use a viscous polymer rolling process to synthesize a novel and eco-friendly 0.65Bi_0.5Na_0.4K_0.1TiO₃-0.35[2/3SrTiO₃-1/3Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃] (BNKT-ST-BMN) dielectric material, which possesses a very typical RAFE-like characteristic. As a result, this material has a high W_rec of 4.43 J/cm³ and a η of 86% at an electric felid of 290 kV/cm, as well as a high thermal stability of W_rec (>3 J/cm³) over a wide range of 30–140 °C at 250 kV/cm. Our findings suggest that the BNKT-ST-BMN material could be a potential candidate for use in energy storage pulse capacitors.     

Prediction model for methanation reaction conditions based on a state transition simulated annealing algorithm optimized extreme learning machine

Methanation is the core process of synthetic natural gas, the performance of the entire reaction system depends on precise values of the reaction condition parameters. Accurate predictions of the CO conversion rate of the methanation reaction can eliminate time-consuming and complex steps in experiments and speed up the discovery of the best reaction conditions. However, the methanation reaction is an uncertain, highly complex, and highly nonlinear process. Thus, this paper proposes a machine learning prediction model for the methanation reaction to facilitate the subsequent search for optimal reaction conditions. The reaction temperature, pressure, hydrogen–carbon ratio, water vapor content, CO₂ content, and space velocity were selected as the condition variables. The CO conversion rate was the optimization objective. An extreme learning machine (ELM) was selected as a prediction model. Because the input weights and bias matrices of the ELM are randomly generated, an ELM based on a state transition simulated annealing (STASA-ELM) algorithm is proposed. The STASA algorithm was used to optimize the ELM to improve the accuracy and stability of the model. Five additional sets of experimental data were designed for the experiment, and the error between the experimental and predicted values was small. Thus, the STASA-ELM algorithm can accurately predict the conversion of CO for different values of reaction conditions.     

Photoluminescence enhancement of quantum dots with different emission wavelengths using oxide shell-isolated Au nanoparticles

Journal of Materials Science - Improving the quantum yield of non-toxic InP/ZnS QDs is essential for its commercial application in illumination and displays. In this work, single size Au...     

生成对抗网络在数据异常检测中的研究

针对许多检测模型受到数据不平衡和异常数据的复杂性等因素影响问题,提出一种以生成对抗网络(gener-ative adversarial network,GAN)为基础的数据异常检测方法.该方法利用InfoGAN网络训练生成正常数据和异常数据,构造一个推理神经网络作为生成数据与原始数据的标签生成器,之后利用第二个GAN网...     

Light-triggered autonomous shape-reconfigurable and locomotive rechargeable power sources

Soft electronics have garnered considerable attention as a promising alternative to conventional electronics with fixed shapes and sizes because of their facile and intimate shape-adaptability to complex operating environments. Their practical applications, however, have been plagued by limited maneuverability, which predominantly stemmed from tethered electrical cords or rigid/bulky power sources. Here, we present light-triggered autonomous shape-reconfigurable and locomotive rechargeable power sources (SL-PSs), in which quasi-solid-state supercapacitors (SCs) are monolithically integrated with thermoresponsive liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCNs) substrates using a device-customized printing process. The SCs are designed to enable photothermal effect as well as adjustable capacitive storage. The LCNs are synthesized to provide thermomechanical deformation by programmable anisotropic molecular contract/expansion. Upon exposure to light or heat, the SL-PSs exhibit autonomous and reversible shape-morphing within a few seconds without impairing their electrochemical performance. Moreover, the SL-PSs convey a model cargo through photothermal stimuli-induced wire-crawling and simultaneously transfer their on-board stored electrical energy, demonstrating their potential viability as an untethered soft robotic power source.     

CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors bonding with bismuth borate glass for high power light excitation

The CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ red phosphor-in-glass was prepared using bismuth borate glass as the binder for high power light excitation. B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–Al₂O₃–ZnO glass powder showed good sintering behavior with CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ phosphors at around 550 °C. The phosphor-in-glass has flat surface with a thickness of about 100 μm. From the images of FE-SEM and confocal laser scanning microscope, the uniform distribution of phosphor particles inside the phosphor-in-glass was vividly and clearly observed. And the luminescent property of phosphors was not greatly affected by glasses, as shown in fluorescence spectra. When the volume radio of CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ phosphors was 50%, the sample exhibited low thermal quenching and high flexural strength of 28.5 MPa. Compared YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor-in-glass with CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺ phosphor-in-glass, we found bismuth borate glass had better wettability on YAG:Ce³⁺ particles, which caused a higher flexural strength of the YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor-in-glass.     

Quantum confinement and size effects in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films produced using solution processed ultrafine nanoparticles

Copper–zinc–tin-sulfide (Cu₂ZnSnS₄, abbreviated as CZTS) is a direct band gap p-type semiconductor material with high absorption coefficient. Using oleylamine as solvent/stabilizing agent and metal chlorides and sulfur particles as chemical precursors, CZTS based nanoparticles were produced and subsequently deposited as thin films on glass substrates via spin coating of the nanoinks. The effect of temperature on crystallite size and phase composition was assessed after the solution mixture was undercooled by 30, 70 or 90 °C. Upon cooling the solution from 230 to 140 °C i.e. by 90 °C, maximum refinement in the nanoparticles size was noticed with average size on the order of few nanometers. The morphological and compositional studies of the nanoparticles were performed by means of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Phase-pure CZTS formation was confirmed from fast Fourier transform (FFT) patterns and lattice fringes observed during HR-TEM examination. Characterization of the annealed spin coated films, made from nanoink containing ultrafine nanoparticles, indicated morphological changes in the film surface during air annealing at 350°C that can be attributed to depression of CZTS phase decomposition temperature. Spectrophotometric studies of the annealed films suggested quantum confinement effect through an associated increase in the band gap value from 1.34 to 2.04 eV upon reduction in the nanoparticle size caused by increasing the degree of undercooling to 90 °C.     

多传感器融合的移动机器人室外激光 SLAM 算法优化与系统实现

针对移动机器人室外环境开阔场景大范围建图时,激光雷达里程计位姿计算不准确从而导致 SLAM 算法精度下降等问 题,设计了一种基于多传感器融合的 SLAM 优化算法。 算法上,通过前端里程计优化提升 SLAM 算法的可靠性,将适用于室外 的 GNSS 等传感器信息与激光里程计融合,在技术上实现了扩展卡尔曼滤波的轻量化并将其嵌入于 LOAM 算法架构中,在尽可 能不增加资源负担的情况下对前端里程计进行改进;在优化算法基础上,搭建了实际移动机器人平台并移植算法,实现了可供 参考的多传感器融合硬件方案与扩展卡尔曼滤波在实际工程中处理多传感器数据的方法。 真实场景下的实验结果表明,在增 加了里程计运算量后算法仍能稳定保持 10 Hz 的室外建图,在复杂开阔环境与低成本条件下具有可靠性与可行性。     

Perovskite: Scintillators,direct detectors,and X-ray imagers

Halide perovskites (HPs) are used in various applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. These materials have recently received a great deal of attention as high-energy radiation detectors and scintillators due to their excellent light yield, mobility-lifetime product (µτ), and X-ray sensitivity. In addition, due to their solution-processability and low cost, perovskite materials could be used to produce thick perovskite films across wide areas, allowing for low-dose X-ray imaging. Perovskite-based scintillators and detectors could eventually replace commercialized products like thallium‐doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) and amorphous silicon (Si). Here, we review all of the key properties of HPs, the relevant terminology necessary for radiation detection and scintillation, the physical mechanisms underlying their operation, the fabrication process, and perovskite crystals and thin-films of varying dimensionality used for high-energy radiation detection. We also cover the critical issues and solutions that HPs as detectors, scintillators, and imagers face.     

Photochromic effect of transparent lead-free ferroelectric KSr2Nb5O15 ceramics

Transparent KSr₂Nb₅O₁₅ (KSN) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics have been synthesized via modified pressureless sintering method. A significant photochromic effect was observed for the transparent KSN ceramics prepared without rare-earth dopant modification. The piezoelectric properties depend on the grain orientations were investigated. The optical transmittance of the KSN ceramics is greater than 40% in the wavelength range of 530–800 nm. After NUV irradiation, the absorbance was enhanced by more than 40% in a broad visible range (more than 79%). The absorbance returned to the initial value after a thermal bleaching process. The results of the cycling tests and response experiments showed the stability and saturation of the photochromic effect. In addition, the possible photochromic mechanism of the KSN ceramics is discussed and the photochromic centers are identified. This transparent KSN ceramics exhibits an obvious photochromic effect and is a potential candidate materials for optical data storage and information recording applications.