Memristive neuron model with an adapting synapse and its hardware experiments

Electromagnetic induction effect caused by neuron potential can be mimicked using memristor. This paper considers a fluxcontrolled memristor to imitate the electromagnetic induction effect of adapting feedback synapse and presents a memristive neuron model with the adapting synapse. The memristive neuron model is three-dimensional and non-autonomous. It has the time-varying equilibria with multiple stabilities, which results in the global coexistence of multiple firing patterns. Multiple numerical plots are executed to uncover diverse coexisting firing patterns in the memristive neuron model. Particularly, a nonlinear fitting scheme is raised and a fitting activation function circuit is employed to implement the memristive mono-neuron model. Diverse coexisting firing patterns are observed from the hardware experiment circuit and the measured results verify the numerical simulations well.     

非对称忆阻诱导的吸引子非对称演化与机理研究

紧磁滞回线是评测物理器件或数学模型是否为忆阻的关键依据,其对称特性也是忆阻的重要特征之一。该文提出一种有源非对称忆阻二极管桥模拟器,它通过改变二极管桥中并联二极管的数量可实现紧磁滞回线非对称度的控制。首先,验证了该非对称忆阻模拟器的指纹特征,并着重探讨了激励频率和对称度控制参数对紧磁滞回线非对称度的影响。进一步地,将该非对称忆阻模拟器耦合到Sallen-Key高通滤波器,构建了一种无感忆阻蔡氏电路;建立了相应的无量纲系统,并揭示了系统吸引子的非对称演化现象。结合平衡点稳定性分析、分岔分析和多吸引子状态初值空间分布,阐明了吸引子非对称演化的产生机理。结果表明,受非对称忆阻的影响,无感忆阻蔡氏电路的两个不稳定鞍焦点失去平衡,导致了非对称共存分岔、多稳定模态等行为的产生。最后,由硬件电路实验验证了理论分析与数值仿真的正确性。     

Construction of Cu7S4@CuCo2O4 Yolk–Shell Microspheres Composite and Elucidation of Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity,Mechanism, and Pathway for Carbamazepine Degradation

Water pollution caused by the massive use of medicines has caused significant environmental problems. This work first reports the synthesis and characterization of the Cu₇S₄/CuCo₂O₄ (CS/CCO) yolk–shell microspheres via hydrothermal and annealing methods, and then investigates their photocatalytic performance in removing organic water pollutants. The 10-CS/CCO composite with yolk–shell microspheres exhibits the highest photodegradation rate of carbamazepine (CBZ), reaching 96.3% within 2 h. The 10-CS/CCO also demonstrates more than two times higher photodegradation rates than the pure (Cu₇S₄) CS and (CuCo₂O₄) CCO. This outstanding photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the unique yolk–shell structure and the Z-scheme charge transfer pathway, reducing multiple reflections of the acting light. These factors enhance the light absorption efficiency and efficiently transfer photoexcited charge carriers. In-depth, photocatalytic degradation pathways of CBZ are systematically evaluated via the identification of degradation intermediates with Fukui index calculation. The insights gained from this work can serve as a guideline for developing low-cost and efficient Z-scheme photocatalyst composites with the yolk–shell structure.     

Guided Intra-Patch Smoothing Graph Filtering for Single-Image Denoising

Graph filtering is an important part of graph signal processing and a useful tool for image denoising. Existing graph filtering methods, such as adaptive weighted graph filtering (AWGF), focus on coefficient shrinkage strategies in a graph-frequency domain. However, they seldom consider the image attributes in their graph-filtering procedure. Consequently, the denoising performance of graph filtering is barely comparable with that of other state-of-the-art denoising methods. To fully exploit the image attributes, we propose a guided intra-patch smoothing AWGF (AWGF-GPS) method for single-image denoising. Unlike AWGF, which employs graph topology on patches, AWGF-GPS learns the topology of superpixels by introducing the pixel smoothing attribute of a patch. This operation forces the restored pixels to smoothly evolve in local areas, where both intra- and inter-patch relationships of the image are utilized during patch restoration. Meanwhile, a guided-patch regularizer is incorporated into AWGF-GPS. The guided patch is obtained in advance using a maximum-a-posteriori probability estimator. Because the guided patch is considered as a sketch of a denoised patch, AWGF-GPS can effectively supervise patch restoration during graph filtering to increase the reliability of the denoised patch. Experiments demonstrate that the AWGF-GPS method suitably rebuilds denoising images. It outperforms most state-of-the-art single-image denoising methods and is competitive with certain deep-learning methods. In particular, it has the advantage of managing images with significant noise.     

Sb2(SxSe1−x)3 sensitized solar cells prepared by solution deposition methods

Solid state semiconductor sensitized solar cells are a very active research subject in emerging photovoltaic technologies. In this work, heterojunctions of antimony sulfide-selenide (Sb₂(S_xSe_1−x)₃) solid solution as the absorbing material and cadmium sulfide coated titanium dioxide (TiO₂/CdS) as the electron conductor have been developed with solution deposition methods such as spin-coating, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), and chemical bath deposition. In particular, CdS has been deposited on mesoporous TiO₂ layers by SILAR deposition, followed by the chemical deposition of Sb₂(S_xSe_1−x)₃. It was found that by increasing the number of CdS SILAR deposition, both the open circuit voltage V_oc and the short circuit current density J_sc of the Sb₂(S_xSe_1−x)₃ sensitized solar cells had been increased from 153 to 434 mV and 0.77–9.73 mA/cm², respectively. This improvement was attributed to the fact that the presence of the CdS on TiO₂ surface reduces the formation of undesired Sb₂O₃ and promotes a better nucleation of the Sb₂(S_xSe_1−x)₃ during the chemical bath deposition. The best result was obtained for the solar cell with 30 cycles of CdS which produced a V_oc of 434 mV, a J_sc of 9.73 mA/cm², and a power conversion efficiency of 1.69% under AM1.5 G solar radiation.     

Pulse energy-storage performance and temperature stability of Bi2O3-added BaTiO3 based ceramics

The temperature stability and temperature stability range of barium titanate-based pulse energy-storage ceramics were modified by Bi₂O₃ tailoring in (Ba_0.98-xLi_0.02Bi_x) (Mg_0·04Ti_0.96)O₃ (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) and (Ba_1.03-1.5xLi_0.02Bi_x) (Mg_0·04Ti_0.96)O₃ (x = 0.125, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) ceramics. Excellent pulse energy-storage performances of ceramic films are achieved via the new dual priority strategy of establishing cationic vacancies and forming a liquid phase. The dielectric constant plateau appears due to the cubic phase and space charges. Outstanding temperature stability, frequency stability and antifatigue performance are obtained in the ceramics, and their variations are all less than 15%. The comprehensive energy-storage properties with dual priority parameters of energy-storage density and efficiency of 3.13 J/cm³ and 91.71%, accompanied by an excellent pulse discharge energy density of 2.48 J/cm³, current density of 1313.23 A/cm² and power density of 195.26 MW/cm³ are gained at x = 0.1. The perfect pulse energy-storage performances as well as ultrahigh stability are correlated with synergistic effects of multiphase coexistence, cubic phase, liquid-phase sintering, grain size, ceramic resistance, space charges and polar nanoregions. The comprehensive parameters indicate that the (Ba_0·88Li_0·02Bi_0.1) (Mg_0·04Ti_0.96)O₃ ceramics have potential application in high precision fields.     

Discrete memristive neuron model and its interspike interval-encoded application in image encryption

Science China Technological Sciences - Bursting is a diverse and common phenomenon in neuronal activation patterns and it indicates that fast action voltage spiking periods are followed by resting...     

Homogeneously size distributed Ge nanoclusters embedded in SiO2 layers produced by ion beam synthesis

500 nm SiO₂ layers were implanted with 450 keV (F=3 × 10¹⁶ at./cm²) and 230 keV (F=1.8 × 10¹⁶ at./cm²) Ge ions at room temperature to obtain an almost constant Ge concentration of about 2.5 at.% in the insulating layer. Subsequently, the specimens were annealed at temperatures between 500°C and 1200°C for 30 min in a dry N₂ ambient atmosphere. Cross-sectional TEM analysis reveal homogeneously distributed Ge nanoclusters arranged in a broad band within the SiO₂ layer. Their mean cluster size varies between 2.0 and 6.5 nm depending on the annealing conditions. Cluster-free regions are always observed close to the surface of the specimens independent of the annealing process, whereas a narrow Ge nanocluster band appears at the SiO₂/Si interface at high annealing temperatures, e.g. ⩾1000°C. The atomic Ge redistribution due to the annealing treatment was investigated with a scanning TEM energy dispersive X-ray system and Rutherford back scattering (RBS).     

Enhanced charge transfer for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution over UiO-66-NH2 with annealed Ti3C2Tx MXenes

The annealed Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes retained original layered morphology and gave rise to the formation of TiO₂ is anticipated to achieve improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance as a noble-metal-free co-catalyst. In this work, a novel Ti₃C₂/TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂ hybrid was rationally designed for the first time by simply introducing annealed Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes over water-stable Zr-MOFs (UiO-66-NH₂) precursors via a facile hydrothermal process. As expected, the rationally designed Ti₃C₂/TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂ displayed significantly improvement in photocatalytic H₂ performance (1980 μmol·h⁻¹·g⁻¹) than pristine UiO-66-NH₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The excellent photocatalytic HER activity can be attributed to the formation of multi-interfaces in Ti₃C₂/TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂, including Ti₃C₂/TiO₂/UiO-66-NH₂, Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ and Ti₃C₂/UiO-66-NH₂ interfaces, which constructed multiple pathways at the interfaces with Schottky junctions to accelerate the separation and transfer of charge carriers and endowed the accumulation of photo-generated electrons on the surface of Ti₃C₂. This work expanded the possibility of porous MOFs for the development of efficient photocatalytic water splitting using annealed MXenes.     

基于双边随机投影算法的光学相干层析成像降噪

为了解决光学相干层析成像（Optical coherence tomography, OCT）系统中的散斑噪声问题,提出了一种基于双边随机投影的光学相干层析成像去噪算法。基于三维OCT图像相邻帧的生物组织结构之间的高度相似性及图像高分辨率的特性,将原始OCT图像信号分解为无噪低秩矩阵、稀疏矩阵以及噪声矩阵;然后采用双边随机投影算法进行求解,提取低秩矩阵,从而去除噪声,恢复无噪图像;在临床数据集上对本文算法进行了测试,并通过信噪比（Signal to noise, SNR）、对比度噪声比（Contrast to noise ratio, CNR）以及等效视数（Equivalent number of looks, ENL）3个指标对降噪效果进行评价。实验结果表明,与稳健性主成分分析算法相比,本文算法在信噪比、对比度信噪比以及等效视数指标上分别提高了1.22 dB、0.84 dB和59.5,能更有效地抑制散斑噪声,且计算复杂度较低。