浊点萃取-纳米金探针联用可视化检测鱼肉中的Hg2+

目的建立一种浊点萃取与纳米金探针联用快速可视化检测鱼肉中Hg~(2+)的方法。方法修饰的纳米金粒子与Hg~(2+)的特异性络合,经浊点萃取进入有机相,并出现可肉眼观察的红色沉淀。根据有机相中沉淀量的多少或颜色深浅可判定Hg2+的浓度。结果 Hg~(2+)的浓度在1~15μg/L范围内,沉淀量和沉淀颜色与溶液中的Hg~(2+)的浓度呈正相关。本方法肉眼可识别的Hg~(2+)的浓度最低为2μg/L。结论本方法对Hg~(2+)的选择性好、灵敏度较高、检测时间短、操作简便,可用于鱼肉中Hg~(2+)的的快速定性分析。     

北京市市售扇贝中诺如病毒监测分析

目的监测北京市市售扇贝中诺如病毒和A组轮状病毒污染状况,分析其基因特征。方法 2014年11月至2015年10月,采集北京市3个水产品出售市场新鲜扇贝72份。取扇贝消化组织,用聚乙二醇(PEG)8000沉淀法进行病毒富集后提取核酸,用实时荧光逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测诺如病毒和A组轮状病毒核酸。用半巢式RT-PCR方法扩增诺如病毒GⅠ/GⅡ组衣壳蛋白区基因,对PCR产物进行测序,用BioEdit 7.0.9.0软件进行序列比对,用MEGA 6.06软件构建进化树。结果 72份扇贝样品均未检出A组轮状病毒;诺如病毒检出率为27.8%(20/72),其中GⅡ组16份,GⅠ组2份,GⅠ和GⅡ组混合2份。冬季检出率最高,为61.1%(11/18);夏季未检出。8份诺如病毒核酸阳性样品测序结果为GⅡ.17型,属于GⅡ.17型ClusterⅢb分枝。有6株GⅡ.17型毒株与2015年中国人源诺如病毒、2016和2017年日本人源诺如病毒、2017和2018年韩国水中诺如病毒以及2015年日本牡蛎中诺如病毒序列相似性为100.0%。结论北京市市售扇贝中存在诺如病毒污染,食用扇贝有引起病毒性急性胃肠炎的风险。     

纯母乳喂养时间网络传播信息分析

目的：调查网络媒体中婴幼儿纯母乳喂养的信息,并对其科学性进行分析评价。方法：以“纯母乳喂养”和“辅食添加时间”为关键词,使用“Google”检索,每个关键词分别分析搜索前100条信息。结果：200条信息中157条信息来自网站,43条信息来自个人网页。网站信息纯母乳喂养时间正确率为40．76％。政府和专业机构网站的信息有出处者多,有出处的信息正确率高（P〈0．05）。搜索网站首页信息与抽样的全部搜索信息的正确率相近（P〉0．05）,个人网页信息与网站信息的正确率无显著差别（P〉0．05）。结论：过半数的网站未能给出纯母乳喂养的正确答案,多数信息受者的认识也不正确。     

Effect of different ingredients on the fermentation activity in tarhana

Tarhana is a fermented wheat flour–yoghurt mixture which is widely consumed in Turkey. Baker's yeast is also involved in the fermentation. In this study, fermentation activity of tarhana was investigated by monitoring the lactic acid bacteria and yeast population when the level of salt and amount of yoghurt used were varied. Fermentation activity was high during the first day of fermentation. Microbial counts dropped below the initial counts at the end of a 4-day fermentation. Fermentation activity of tarhana prepared without salt was found to be higher than the tarhana samples prepared with salt.     

Optical method for flow patterns discrimination,slug and pig detection in horizontal gas liquid pipe

An optical method including infrared ray and laser was developed to discriminate flow pattern, and detect liquid slug and pig in horizontal gas–liquid pipe. Based on the principle that infrared ray attenuates differently during penetrating gas and liquid, the infrared ray method was developed to discriminate flow pattern and detect liquid slug. In experiment, infrared ray was emitted on one side of the transparent pipe, and detected on the other side. Simultaneously, a signal of output voltage that is proportional to the intensity of infrared ray detected was generated and recorded. A series of experiments in horizontal air/water loop were carried out to generate bubble, stratified smooth, wavy and intermittent flow, and the output voltages under the four flow patterns were analyzed. The flow patterns can be discriminated by characteristics of output voltage. Meanwhile, the velocity and frequency of liquid slug were measured by this method, and the results were consistent with that calculated by formulas. However, infrared ray is easily affected by interface between gas and liquid, a laser method was explored to detect pig. The laser method is similar to infrared ray, a laser beam was emitted and detected and then a signal of output voltage was recorded. The results from pigging experiments show that the laser method could correctly detect the passing of a pig. The combined use of infrared ray and laser method could rightly detect pig and pigging slug during pigging operation.     

系统Ⅱ乙烯对采后番茄果实抗冷过程中抗氧化酶的影响

以反义ACS2 番茄、野生型丽春果实和经乙烯利处理的反义ACS2 番茄果实分别作为系统Ⅱ乙烯缺失模型、系统Ⅱ乙烯正常合成模型和系统Ⅱ乙烯补偿模型,研究系统Ⅱ乙烯对低温胁迫下氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。研究发现,丽春果实和经乙烯利处理的反义ACS2果实较未处理的反义ACS2果实组冷害指数低,电解质渗透率的增长被抑制,CAT、APX、SOD平均活性水平提高,而两组的POD活性增长分别被抑制和诱导。这说明系统Ⅱ乙烯能提高CAT、APX、SOD活性水平并调控POD活性变化,对增强低温胁迫下番茄果实的抗冷能力有积极作用。