一种基于最大相似子阵的彩色图像检索算法

颜色是图像的重要特征之一,被广泛用于图像检索。传统的颜色直方图检索算法丢弃了色彩的空间位置信息,影响了算法的检索精度。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于最大相似子阵的彩色图像检索算法,即采用奇数方阵分割图像以捕捉颜色的空间分布特征,从而得到颜色矩阵,通过求解两个颜色矩阵的最大相似子阵实现相似度计算。研究结果表明,所提算法能够准确描述图像的颜色特征,相似度计算非常有效,相比全局直方图有较好的检索精度。     

Electrophoretic co-deposition of Bi2O3–multiwalled carbon nanotubes coating as supercapacitor electrode

Nafion is suggested as an efficient assistant in preparing supercapacitor by employing nanoparticles. In this work, using a bi-additive of 0.10-mM NaOH + 0.10 g L⁻¹ Nafion, Nafion-assisted electrophoretic co-deposition of Bi₂O₃–multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coating is successfully realized in ethanol solvent. The capacitance performances of the electrophoretic coatings in 6.0-M KOH electrolyte are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques. Comparing with Bi₂O₃ coating prepared with electrophoretic deposition (EPD) by employing other additive (such as polyethyleneimine), the Bi₂O₃ coating prepared by Nafion-assisted EPD shows a better capacitance performance. Benefiting from the improvement in coating conductivity caused by MWCNTs, with a small additional amount of 4.0 wt.%, the Bi₂O₃–MWCNTs coating exhibits an amazing 164% increase of mass-specific capacitance (473 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹) in comparison with pure Bi₂O₃ coating (179 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹). The cyclic stability test exhibits excellent capacitance retention of 88.7% over 3000 cycles at a constant current density of 10.0 A g⁻¹. This work combines the advantages of MWCNTs, Nafion, and EPD to provide a facile route for preparing Bi₂O₃-based coating as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode.     

不同干燥方法对黄精干燥特性和品质的影响

研究微波真空干燥法、自然晒干法、微波干燥法、真空干燥法和热风干燥法5种不同干燥方法对黄精干燥曲线和黄精多糖、总酚、总皂苷、5-羧甲基糠醛含量及多糖抗氧化活性的影响。分别采用超声波辅助法提取黄精中的黄精多糖、总酚、总皂苷、5-羟甲基糠醛,并运用文献介绍的方法测定其含量。同时用FRAP和超氧阴离子自由基检测法检测黄精多糖抗氧化活性。结果表明,微波真空干燥法干燥速率最大,所用干燥时间最短,黄精干燥产品中多糖、总酚、总皂苷含量损失最少,5-羧甲基糠醛生成量较小,其干燥品中黄精多糖含量达(63.59±1.25) mg·g-1,且其20 mg·mL-1多糖溶液对超氧阴离子自由基的抑制率达(30.01%±1.30%)。说明微波真空干燥法更适于得到高品质的黄精干燥产品。     

A novel preparation method of polyaluminum chloride/polyacrylamide composite coagulant: Composition and characteristic

Inorganic/organic composite coagulants have drawn a wide attention through the years owing to its superior coagulation behaviors. In this study, polyaluminum chloride (PAC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) composite coagulant was synthesized by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation by using PAC and acrylamide (AM) as raw materials, urea as a solubilizer, and 2,2′‐Azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl)propane]dihydrochloride (VA‐044) as an initiator. The effect of total monomer mass fraction, solubilizer dosage and initiator dosage on the viscosity and molecular weight of PAC/PAM composite coagulant was discussed. The results suggest that the composite coagulant with high polymerization degree, intrinsic viscosity of 1483 mL/g and molecular weight of 7.38 million, could be obtained when the total monomer mass fraction of 40%, urea dosage of 1.5% and initiator dosage of 0.6% are chosen in the preparation. It is a potential preparation method of composite coagulant with short preparation time and high preparation efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectrum and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy represent that the coagulant for polyaluminum chloride and polypropylene are copolymer. Thermal gravimetric analysis describes the high thermal stability of composite coagulant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44500.     

火锅底料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂迁移的研究

目的 火锅底料中的油脂含量较高,复合塑料内包装袋中的塑化剂对火锅底料存在一定污染风险。研究不同内包装材料、灌装温度、存放温度及存放时间对包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂迁移的影响,为火锅底料内包装袋材料的选择和火锅底料灌装工艺条件的设置提供科学依据。方法 采用气相色谱–质谱联用技术,定性、定量研究各种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的迁移量。结果 火锅底料常使用PA/PE类型的复合包装,其塑化剂迁移量相较于PA/PP、PET/PA和BOPA/PE包装更高。随着灌装温度和存放温度的升高,以及存放时间的延长,塑化剂的迁移量不断增大,不同灌装温度、存放温度对邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂迁移量的影响较大。在火锅底料中,最易发生DBP、DEHP的迁移,未检出其他指标。结论 直接接触火锅底料的包装材料、灌装温度、存放温度、存放时间均会对邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的迁移造成显著影响。为了减少包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的迁移量,建议避免使用PA15/PE65作为火锅底料的内包装材料,灌装温度不宜超过70 ℃,在低温下存放,并尽快食用。     

Copper(II) 8-hydroxyquinolinate 3D network film with corrosion inhibitor embedded for self-healing corrosion protection

This work presents a self-healing protective coating for copper. The complex coating is composed of copper(II) 8-hydroxyquinolinate (Cu(8HQ)₂) 3D network film storing corrosion inhibitor as base layer and epoxy as top layer covering on the base layer. The results of EIS and polarization curves reveal the self-healing effect of Cu(8HQ)₂ 3D network film with corrosion inhibitor embedded. After being scratched with a knife-edge, the complex coating rapidly releases inhibitor embedded in 3D network structure to suppress the corrosion process. The scratch on the coating is covered with inhibitor adsorption film and the anodic activity is restrained.     

In situ FTIR study of photocatalytic NO reaction on photocatalysts under UV irradiation

The photocatalytic reaction of nitric oxide (NO) on TiO₂ and transition metal-loaded M (Cu, V, and Cr)/TiO₂ catalysts was studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy under UV irradiation. TiO₂ and M/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by the sol–gel method via controlled hydrolysis of titanium (IV) butoxide. Copper, vanadium, or chromium was loaded onto TiO₂ during the sol–gel procedure. After treatment at 500 °C under air flow, a large amount of surface peroxo species and OH groups were detected on the TiO₂ and M/TiO₂ catalysts. Nitric oxide was adsorbed on TiO₂ and M/TiO₂ in the form of bidentate nitrites and nitrates by reacting with OH groups, peroxo, or MO species. In addition, NO can also be adsorbed on Mⁿ⁺ in the form of nitrosyls. Under UV irradiation, bidentate nitrite was oxidized to either monodentate or bidentate nitrate. Such oxidation was suggested to be induced by superoxo species generated by oxidizing peroxo species via photogenerated holes. The existence of nitrosyls deferred the oxidation of nitrites to nitrates due to the prior oxidation of nitrosyls by superoxo. The XRD and UV–vis spectra showed that the structures and the abilities of absorbing UV light of all catalysts were not influenced by the photocatalytic NO reaction. Possible mechanisms were proposed for the photocatalytic NO oxidation on TiO₂ and M/TiO₂ based on the intermediates found from the in situ FTIR study.     

Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed BaSO4/Y2O3:Eu3+ core–shell submicrospheres

Spherical BaSO₄ particles have been coated with Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ phosphor layers (BaSO₄/Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺) by the wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dipersive spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence spectra were utilized to characterize the BaSO₄/Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ core–shell-structured phosphor particles. The obtained core–shell phosphors consist of well dispersed submicron spherical particles with narrow size distribution. XRD result shows that no reaction occurred between the BaSO₄ cores and the Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ shells even after annealing at 1400 °C. TEM and EDS results show that BaSO₄ particles are well coated with the shell of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺. The BaSO₄/Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ core–shell particles show a red emission corresponding to ⁵D₀?⁷F₂ of Eu³⁺ under the excitation of ultraviolet.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel cationic chitosan-based flocculant with a high water-solubility for pulp mill wastewater treatment

In this work, pulp mill wastewater was treated using a novel copolymer flocculant with a high water-solubility, which was synthesized through grafting (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) onto chitosan initiated by potassium persulphate. The experimental results demonstrate that the two main problems associated with the utilization of chitosan as a flocculant, i.e., low molecular weight and low water-solubility, were concurrently sorted out. The physicochemical properties of this flocculant were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Reaction parameters influencing the grafting percentage, such as temperature, reaction time, initiator concentration and monomer concentration, were optimized using an orthogonal array design matrix. With an increase in grafting percentage, the water-solubility of the flocculant was improved, and it became thoroughly soluble in water when the grafting percentage reached 236.4% or higher. Its application for the treatment of pulp mill wastewater indicates that it had an excellent flocculation capacity and that its flocculation efficiency was much better than that of polyacrylamide. The optimal conditions for the flocculation treatment of pulp mill wastewater were also obtained.     

Investment screening model for spatial deployment of power-to-gas plants on a national scale – A Danish case

When transitioning to a 100% renewable energy system storing electricity becomes a focal point, as the resource flexibility is lost and the design of the energy system needs to provide flexibility and balancing options to integrate intermittent renewable resources. Using technologies such as power-to-gas offers an opportunity to store electricity in chemical form, which can be used as a long-term storage option. This paper develops a spatial modelling method by using a GIS tool to investigate potential generation sites for power-to-gas plants. The method determines the location of the plants by carbon source potential, proximity of the grid, costs of grid transmission and investment costs of the technology itself. By combining these types of data, it is possible to identify the investment costs of the power-to-gas plants. The method focuses on two paths: biogas upgrade and CO₂ methanation. The method is applied to a specific case by investigating the power-to-gas potential in Denmark. The potential and spatial deployment is found by examining the investment costs of plants with an annual gas production of 60 GWh. The findings of the analysis indicate that the biogas upgrade path is the cheapest one of the two, at the present cost level, but due to the relatively small number of biogas plants in Denmark, the chosen plant size is limited to around 55 plants. CO₂ methanation is a more costly path, but it has a larger potential of around 800 plants. As the analysis is based on the current sources for biogas and CO₂, it is important to emphasise that the potential for CO₂ methanation plants can be expected to diminish in the future as more renewable energy is introduced, lowering the need for thermal energy producers, while biogas production could see an increase. Nevertheless, the analysis of a specific case shows that the method gives a good indication of the extent of the power-to-gas resources by using a novel approach to the matter. The method can be applied in other countries as well, giving it a wide appeal.