胃、肠消化后猪肝酱中铁和锌的形态分析

研究胃、肠消化对猪肝酱中Fe和Zn的形态影响。采用体外全仿生消化技术模拟猪肝酱在胃、肠中消化,利用0.45 μm微孔滤膜分离悬浮态和可溶态,通过D101大孔树脂实现无机态和有机态的分离。通过单因素试验,确定Fe最佳测定条件为乙炔流量80 L/h,燃烧器高度5 mm;Zn最佳测定条件为乙炔流量90 L/h,燃烧器高度6 mm。在此条件下,测定猪肝酱中Fe含量为112.56 μg/g,Zn含量为41.38 μg/g。胃、肠消化后除悬浮态Fe和Zn,其他各形态Fe和Zn的含量都所有增加,生物可给性变大,这表明胃、肠消化都是将一部分悬浮态Fe和Zn消化成可溶态Fe和Zn,其中以有机态Fe和Zn为主。     

桑葚花色苷提取、纯化和生理活性研究进展

桑葚花色苷是一种存在于桑葚中的水溶性色素,属类黄酮化合物,不但可以用于食品着色,而且对人体有多种生理保健功能。对桑葚花色苷的提取、分离纯化、分子结构、稳定性、生理活性的最新研究成果进行综述,为桑葚花色苷的开发利用提供参考和依据。     

基于响应面法的水环境-酶法辅助提取大蒜多糖及其抗油脂氧化效果研究

为了提高大蒜多糖的提取效率,采用复合纤维素酶和果胶酶法辅助提取大蒜多糖,采用单因素实验、Plackett-Burman(PB)试验设计和响应面试验设计(RSM)对影响大蒜多糖提取的主要因素和最优工艺参数进行了研究,并采用Schaal烘箱加速氧化法评价大蒜多糖对油脂抗氧化效果。结果表明,最为显著的影响因素为提取时间、提取温度和料液比,Box-Behnken响应面试验设计结果表明大蒜多糖得率最高时的条件为:提取温度67.2℃,提取时间59.9 min,料液比1:28.8,在此条件下大蒜多糖得率的预测值为33.8%,经三次重复验证试验后,得到平均大蒜多糖提取得率为33.6%,采用复合酶法辅助提取大蒜多糖的得率增加了52.1%。构建的二次多项式回归模型能够用于精准预测大蒜多糖的得率。添加0.5%的大蒜粗多糖,加速氧化10 d,植物油的过氧化值(POV)为10.38 meq/kg,仅为空白对照组的30%,提取的大蒜多糖具有明显的抗油脂氧化效果。     

1-甲基环丙烯结合不同保鲜袋对叶用甘薯茎尖冷藏保鲜效果的影响

目的探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropylene,1-MCP)结合不同保鲜袋对叶用甘薯茎尖贮藏品质的影响,筛选最适的保鲜方式。方法以叶用甘薯茎尖为材料,经0.91μL/L1-MCP处理24h后结合聚乙烯(PE)或微孔膜(WK)保鲜袋包装,在5℃下进行贮藏,分别于0、3、6、9、12 d时对其失重率、色差、黄化率、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、多酚氧化酶活性等指标进行测定。结果贮藏12 d后, 1-MCP+PE, 1-MCP+WK处理组的失重率分别为3.43%,2.72%,显著低于未经1-MCP处理组(P0.05),说明1-MCP处理能够有效抑制叶用甘薯茎尖失水; 1-MCP+WK处理下的L值为33.9,高于其余3种处理,表明该处理能够更好的保持叶用甘薯茎尖的亮度和新鲜感。此外,1-MCP结合保鲜袋处理能够减弱呼吸作用,降低乙烯释放量及多酚氧化酶活性。结论1-MCP处理并结合PE膜或者微孔膜包装对叶用甘薯茎尖具有良好的保鲜效果,可以有效延长其贮藏期。     

In situ direct growth of flower-like hierarchical architecture of CoNi-layered double hydroxide on Ni foam as an efficient self-supported oxygen evolution electrocatalyst

Exploring economical, efficient and robust electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the key issues in water splitting technology. Nanostructure engineering of electrocatalysts and hybridizing active species with a conductive support represent powerful strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we report a facile one-step solvothermal method to directly grow 3D CoNi-layered double hydroxide (LDH) flower-like architectures onto porous and conductive Ni foam (NF) substrate (denoted as CoNi-LDH(2:1)@NF hereafter). The flower-like hierarchical architecture of CoNi-LDHs with open configurations endows CoNi-LDH microflowers with sufficient accessible active sites and efficient mass diffusion paths. Moreover, the in situ direct growth manner ensures an intimate contact between the electroactive CoNi-LDHs and NF substrate and thus the charge transfer resistance is reduced. Consequently, the as-formed self-supported and binder-free electrode of CoNi-LDH(2:1)@NF exhibits an outstanding OER performance with a small overpotential of 283 mV at a relatively large current density of 50 mA cm⁻² and a remarkable long-term electrochemical durability in 0.1 M KOH solution, holding great promise in practical scale-up water electrolysis. The present study may open a new avenue to design and fabricate cost-effective and high-efficiency electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.     

Challenges towards large-scale fuel cell production: Results of an expert assessment study

Fuel cell electric vehicles are a promising alternative on the way to emission-free mobility. However, there is still a great deal of uncertainty as to how this change can be implemented technologically. Despite various research and development activities on fuel cells in the past two decades, a real breakthrough of fuel cell technology has not yet been reached. The aim of this paper is therefore to identify barriers to a commercialized production of PEM fuel cell stacks. For this purpose, a comprehensive expert study is performed, consisting of a qualitative, exploratory and a quantitative, hypothesis-confirming step. As a result, technical and non-technical barriers are examined and described in this paper. A cost estimation of today's actual manufacturing cost is presented as identified in the study. Conclusively, future research topics and needs for action are derived.     

丙烯酸钠-玉米芯接枝共聚物的制备及其对Ni2+的吸附机制

为探索利用农业废弃物玉米芯制备高效吸附材料去除水溶液中重金属离子的可行性。利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术将大量对重金属离子具有较强亲和能力的羧基嫁接到玉米芯表面,制备出丙烯酸钠-玉米芯接枝共聚物(MC-g-PGMA-g-PAA-Na),同时采用热重、FTIR、SEM、EDS和XPS对吸附Ni2+前后的吸附材料进行表征,研究其吸附机制。结果表明MC-g-PGMA-g-PAA-Na可以有效地去除水溶液中的Ni2+,其羧基含量达到6.02 mmol·g?1,是改性前的35.4倍。MC-g-PGMA-g-PAA-Na与含有Ni2+溶液接触后,主要是其含有的羧基吸附了溶液中Ni2+,并形成了羧酸镍,吸附前后Ni2+的价态没有发生变化,羧基与Ni2+的配位方式主要是双齿桥式。同时MC-g-PGMA-g-PAA-Na含有的Na+全部释放到溶液中,说明该吸附过程伴有Na+与Ni2+的阳离子交换。      

A PCS based architecture for tactical mobile communications

In this paper, we propose a novel resource management technique, namely virtual cell layout (VCL), for rapidly deployable wireless networks that can be operated in hostile environments. In VCL, the area of communications is tessellated with regularly shaped fixed size virtual cells. The radio resources such as frequency carriers and scrambling codes are assigned to the fixed cells of this layout. The real cells, which do not have to be identical in size to the virtual cells, are mobile over VCL. Mobile base stations that make up the real cells use the radio resources assigned to the virtual cell in which they are located. The terminals of the system access to the network, as they are the terminals of an ordinary cellular network. When the terminals are not in the coverage of any mobile base station, VCL helps them to be organized into clusters. The performance evaluation of the proposed system shows that the VCL based architecture satisfies the rapid deployment requirement and gives an acceptable grade of service.     

微波酶解协同提取猴头菌丝体多糖工艺

在相同条件下利用复合酶酶解处理猴头菌丝体,即加入5mL 1%复合酶(果胶酶:纤维素酶质量比为1:1)、调pH4.2、50℃水浴酶解30min。在此基础上,采用单因素试验研究微波功率、微波时间及料液比对猴头菌丝体多糖得率的影响。再利用正交试验设计,确定微波酶解协同提取猴头菌丝体多糖的最佳工艺为微波功率500W、微波时间3min、料液比1:50(g/mL),此条件下提取率为8.01%。