Looking ahead: Joint small group detection and tracking in crowd scenes

Small group detection and tracking in crowd scenes are basis for high level crowd analysis tasks. However, it suffers from the ambiguities in generating proper groups and in handling dynamic changes of group configurations. In this paper, we propose a novel delay decision-making based method for addressing the above problems, motivated by the idea that these ambiguities can be solved using rich temporal context. Specifically, given individual detections, small group hypotheses are generated. Then candidate group hypotheses across consecutive frames and their potential associations are built in a tree. By seeking for the best non-conflicting subset from the hypothesis tree, small groups are determined and simultaneously their trajectories are got. So this framework is called joint detection and tracking. This joint framework reduces the ambiguities in small group decision and tracking by looking ahead for several frames. However, it results in the unmanageable solution space because the number of track hypotheses grows exponentially over time. To solve this problem, effective pruning strategies are developed, which can keep the solution space manageable and also improve the credibility of small groups. Experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The method achieves the state-of-the-art performance even in noisy crowd scenes.     

Sol–gel synthesis of Nd-doped BiFeO3 multiferroic and its characterization

Neodymium doped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃, BFO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a facile sol–gel route. The influence of annealing temperature, time, Bi content and solvent on the crystal structure of BFO was studied. Results indicated that the optimum processing condition of BFO products was 550–600 °C/1.5 h with excess 3–6% Bi and ethylene glycol as solvent. On the other hand, Nd³⁺ ion was introduced into the BFO system and the effect of Nd³⁺ concentration on the structure, magnetic and dielectric properties of BFO were investigated. It was found that the magnetization of BFO was enhanced significantly with Nd³⁺ substitution, being attributed to the suppression of the spiral cycloidal magnetic structure led by the crystal structure transition. Furthermore, with increasing Nd³⁺ content, the dielectric constant was found to decrease while the dielectric loss was enhanced, which was mainly due to the hoping conduction mechanism with the reduction of oxygen vacancies.     

Crystallization and spectroscopic properties in Er3+ doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics containing Na

The Er³⁺ doped oxyfluorogermanate glasses, with a composition containing Na element, were synthesized by the conventional melting–quenching technique. When Na element was introduced into the composition of oxyfluorogermanate glass, the crystals behavior was investigated in details. Depending on the annealing procedure supplied, thermal annealing of precursor glasses in the system GeO₂/BaF₂/AlF₃/Na₂O/NaF/ZnO/GdF₃/ErF₃ led to the precipitation of different crystal phase nanocrystals. It was confirmed the nanocrystals in GC600 is orthorhombic NaBaAlF₆ which led to enhance obviously in the UC luminescence of Er³⁺. However, the nanocrystals in G585 led to decrease in the UC luminescence, which indicated few Er ions enter into the lattice of this nanocrystal phase. The reason of the decrease in UC emission intensity of GC585 was analyzed.     

Effect of in-app components,medium, and screen size of electronic textbooks on reading performance,behavior, and perception

Although many app-based textbooks are available for students, reading have not been thoroughly outlined. This study aimed to understand how changes from paper to electronic textbooks have affected the academic reading task, investigate student users’ perceptions of in-app components and screen sizes, and identify issues affecting in-app components and task requirements. A mixed factorial design experiment was employed. Results showed that there were no significant changes in comprehension and time spent reading between print text and the iPad. Yet, student highlighting, notetaking, and reading behavior and perception significantly changed based on condition. In addition, students struggled to use in-app components and found them frustrating especially when accounting for sentence splitting. The findings presented can assist in understanding the changes in student reading behavior, which can be used to improve interface design of future e-textbooks.     

一种面向车辆实时数据并行处理的任务调度算法

车辆实时监管正面临着不断增长的大规模车辆监测数据的实时处理需求,需要采用分布式的并行计算架构来提升大规模车辆监测数据处理的性能,支撑多样化的车辆监测数据处理任务,应对支撑环境的伸缩性需求。在这种架构下,对系统中不同计算节点间的车辆监测数据处理任务的调度提出了更高的要求。针对这一要求,并结合流式到达及历史积累的车辆监测数据的持续化处理需求以及大规模车辆监测数据实时处理中内存敏感的特征,提出一种基于路由表的并行任务调度算法。该算法基于车辆监测数据时空属性以及各计算节点的内存信息建立路由表,并以路由表的形式来进行任务的并行划分和分配调度,从而使得各计算节点达到负载均衡的状态。实验表明该算法能够使计算节点间的负载差异缩小到12%以内。此外,该算法在某市车辆监管实时系统中的实际应用也证明了其有效性。     

一种用户行为分析的动态备份机制

目前大多数分布式存储系统采用静态备份机制保证系统的高可靠性,灵活性差,不适合系统规模及用户访问量不断变化的存储系统．因此提出一种基于用户行为分析的动态备份机制,通过分析用户行为获得相关信息来动态改变备份数量及确定备份位置,具有较强的灵活性,适合大规模的分布式存储系统;实现动态备份系统将其应用于已建立的科技信息数据中心．通过实验分析表明,该动态备份机制能提高系统的可靠性。     

基于网格技术的物联网Savant中间件的实现技术*

简述物联网Savant中间件的工作原理,分析了目前Savant系统中存在的缺陷,并提出了相应的解决办法.讨论了网格技术的特点及与构造Savant系统紧密相关的技术细节和系统构建思想,就基于网格技术构造可扩展的Savant系统进行研究.提出了一种基于网格技术的Savant系统体系结构,并分析了这个体系结构的特点及优势.详细介绍了Savant系统的内部模块功能和交互方式,并介绍了一个能够满足这种设计需求的Savant系统原型的功能特点及实现方法.