抗菌剂抗菌机理简述

该文对现有抗菌剂进行了简单分类,主要包括无机系、有机系和天然生物抗菌剂三大类,并且简单阐述了无机系、有机系和天然生物抗菌剂的种类、特点以及抗菌机理,并指出不同类别抗菌剂存在的问题,对抗菌剂未来发展的方向进行了展望。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定新疆药桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素的含量

该研究采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)法测定新疆药桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-DNJ)的含量,色谱柱为Waters XBridgeTM HILIC(2.1 mm×100 mm, 5 μm),乙腈-水(85∶15, V/V)为流动相,流速0.2 mL/min。结果表明,1-DNJ在1.2～12.0 μg/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.25%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.16%。该方法快捷简便、结果可靠,可用于药桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素含量的分析检测。     

腌制对鹅绒藤中活性成分含量的影响

鹅绒藤具有良好的抗肿瘤、调节免疫、抗氧化等作用,这些作用与鹅绒藤中富含的C21甾体类化合物、生物碱、黄酮等活性成分有关。实验采用干腌法处理鹅绒藤嫩茎,测定腌制前后C21甾体类化合物、生物碱、黄酮等物质的含量,实验结果显示,通过干腌,鹅绒藤嫩茎中黄酮、生物碱、C21甾体类化合物的保存率分别为75.7%、71.4%、67.4%,作为一种保藏食品的方式,干腌既能在延长鹅绒藤嫩茎食用时间,又能对其中主要的活性成分有较好的保留率。     

新疆药桑叶中黄酮类化合物的分离及其抗氧化活性评价

以自由基清除率为评价指标,利用制备液相从药桑叶醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分中分离黄酮单体化合物,并采用1,1-二苯基- 2-硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基和2,2-联氮基-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二氨盐（ABTS）自由基清除法对单体化合物进行抗氧化活性评价。结果表明,从乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到4个单体化合物,分别为化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ、化合物Ⅲ、化合物Ⅳ,对DPPH自由基清除率的半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.004 4 mg/mL、0.003 7 mg/mL、0.003 0 mg/mL、0.078 0 mg/mL,对ABTS自由基清除率IC50分别为0.021 mg/mL、0.014 mg/mL、0.012 mg/mL、0.087 mg/mL。4个单体化合物均具有很强的抗氧化活性,且抗氧化活性顺序化合物Ⅲ＞化合物Ⅱ＞化合物Ⅰ＞化合物Ⅳ。     

慕萨莱思酒发酵过程中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的变化研究

氨基甲酸乙酯（EC）是发酵食品中存在的一种致癌物质,该研究以新疆阿瓦提慕萨莱思酒为研究对象,检测发酵过程中不同阶段EC含量、尿素含量、酒精体积分数,探究EC的形成与尿素、酒精含量的关系。结果显示,发酵结束后EC含量为25.6 μg/L,尿素与酒精含量越高,EC生成速率越快,慕萨莱思酒中EC含量越高,温度对EC的生成影响较大。     

Physicochemical Data Mining of Msalais,a Traditional Local Wine in Southern Xinjiang of China

Twelve physicochemical parameters of 15 traditional wine samples of Msalai were completely analyzed with data mining methods to understand the interaction between physicochemical attributes and the homogeneity among the Msalais samples. Although the physicochemical differences were significant among the Msalais samples, there was also significant correlation between chromaticity and turbidity, between total soluble solids and dry extract, between total phenol and chromaticity, volatile acid content, dry extract, as well as iron content. With multivariable dimension scale analysis, 12 physicochemical parameters were clustered according to their contribution to color (iron, color), flavor (volatile acids, alcohol content, total acid, phenol, total sugar), and body (dry extract, turbidity, total soluble solids, density) of Msalais. Homogeneity was observed in the physicochemical parameters of the samples from one modern factory; however, there was strong heterogeneous in the physicochemical parameters of the samples from different traditional workhouses. Data mining with the help of a variety of analytical methods provides a good foundation for the quality control of Msalais, especially for its grade estimation.     

不同采收期大花罗布麻叶中黄酮类成分含量的测定

建立大花罗布麻叶中黄酮类成分槲皮素、芦丁、金丝桃苷的高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）测定方法,分析不同采收期的大花罗布麻叶中这3种黄酮类成分的变化。结果表明,芦丁在大花罗布麻叶的整个生长期中均未检出;槲皮素在10月份有检出,其他月份无检出;金丝桃苷整个生长期中均有检出,其中6～8月含量较高,故适宜采收期为6～8月;该检测方法加标回收率为98.0%～102.3%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.44%～2.63%,在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好。高效液相色谱-串联质谱法可用于大花罗布麻叶中3种黄酮类成分的含量测定。     

响应面法优化黑果枸杞多糖的提取工艺研究

优化黑果枸杞果实多糖的提取工艺.采用单因素试验,考察了水浸提取温度、时间、料液比对多糖提取率的影响规律,依据Box-Behnken的中心组合设计,采用响应面法优化从黑果枸杞中提取粗多糖.最佳工艺条件为热水温度90℃,时间66min,料液比1∶25(g∶mL);在此条件下黑果枸杞多糖得率为29.36％.采用响应面法优化热水浸提黑果枸杞多糖的工艺条件稳定可行.     

Synthesis of micro/meso porous carbon for ultrahigh hydrogen adsorption using cross-linked polyaspartic acid

In addition to the specific surface area, surface topography and characteristics such as the pore size, pore size distribution, and micro/mesopores ratio are factors that determine the performance of porous carbons (PCs) in the fields of energy, catalysis, and adsorption. Based on the mechanism of weight loss of polyaspartic acid at high temperatures, this study provided a new method for adjusting the surface morphology of PCs by changing the cross-linking ratio of the precursor, where cross-linked polyaspartic acid was used as precursor without additional activating agents. N₂ adsorption analysis indicated that the specific surface area of the obtained PCs was as high as 1458 m²·g^–1, of which 1200 m²·g^–1 was the contribution of the microporous area and the highest pore volume was 1.13 cm³·g^–1, of which the micropore volume was 0.636 cm³·g^–1. The thermogravimetric analysis results of the precursor, and also the scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller analysis results of the carbonization product confirmed that the prepared PCs presented multilevel pore structure, and the diameters of most pores were 0.78 and 3.97 nm; moreover, the pore size distribution was relatively uniform. This conferred the PCs the ultrahigh hydrogen adsorption capacity of up to 4.52 wt-% at 77 K and 1.13 bar, in addition to their great energy storage and catalytic potential.     

新疆慕萨莱思酒天然活性成分的代谢组学研究进展——以原花青素为例

慕萨莱思酒是新疆南疆维吾尔族最具民族特色的重要传统保健饮品, 以特殊的酿酒葡萄和田红及阿瓦提红为主要原料, 由传统工艺加工而成, 是维吾尔族刀郎文化的艺术源泉。慕萨莱思酒集地域特殊性、民族独特性和文化传承性于一体, 是新疆南疆特色食品的代表。有研究证实, 慕萨莱思酒具有增强机体免疫功能、抗衰老、降血脂等保健功效, 原花青素是主要功效成分之一。对慕萨莱思酒中原花青素的研究将为明确慕萨莱思酒功效成分和作用, 提高产品质量, 提升产品价值提供理论依据, 对保护新疆特色资源具有重要意义。同时, 也为原花青素在新疆传统发酵产品中的代谢途径及其活性靶标物的研究提供新思路和基础。