微波辅助固相合成法制备查尔酮类的工艺研究

三种不同方法合成甲氧查尔酮类化合物,筛选和优化合成工艺。采用酸催化高温法、羟基保护法和微波辅助碱催化法进行羟醛缩合反应,制备目标化合物,并以反应产率为指标筛选合成方法,优化反应条件。结果表明:用三种方法所得到的目标化合物产率分别为8.9%、9.27%和57.60%。微波辅助碱催化反应的最佳条件:设定微波功率150 W、反应时间100 s,温度80℃。微波辅助碱催化方法具有产率高、反应时间短、节能和环保等特点、是绿色合成甲氧查尔酮类化合物的有效方法之一。     

芜菁子挥发油、多糖的组成及挥发油抗菌活性的研究

目的用3种方法提取芜菁子挥发油,对挥发油的抗菌作用进行定性和定量分析,并对芜菁子挥发油及多糖的组成进行分析。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂萃取法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取芜菁子挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油的组成。运用滤纸片扩散法和二倍稀释法检验芜菁子挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌作用。利用水提醇沉法提取残渣中的多糖,酸水解后进行薄层分析。结果 3种方法提取的挥发油分别鉴别出21、7、14种成分。水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油中异硫氰酸酯类化合物占45.95%,同时蒸馏萃取法的为31.35%,溶剂萃取法提取挥发油无异硫氰酸酯类化合物。定性定量的抑菌实验结果显示,3种方法所得的挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油的抑菌效果最好。在高效G板上,以乙酸乙酯:异丙醇:水=26:14:7(V:V:V)为展开剂,芜菁子多糖的分离效果较好,可鉴别出芜菁子多糖中的果糖和半乳糖。结论芜菁子挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌均有一定的抑制作用,可能与其中含有异硫氰酸酯类和腈类化合物有关。     

High performance biomass-derived catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction with excellent methanol tolerance

The discovery of low cost and efficient catalytic materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of paramount importance for industrial-scale fuel cell manufacture. In this work, a convenient and straightforward approach was designed and applied to produce iron and nitrogen co-doped biomass carbon/graphene composite (Fe–N/C_B-RGO) by using soybean dregs combined with graphene oxide (GO). The results show that the optimized Fe–N/C_B-RGO (1) sample has high catalytic activity and stability for ORR, the onset potential of Fe–N/C_B-RGO (1) is 0.02 V vs. Hg/HgO, which is merely 50 mV negative-shifted comparison with commercial Pt/C. The composition optimized Fe–N/C_B-RGO (1) catalyst showed excellent methanol tolerance, with the presence of methanol surprisingly improving ORR performance. This unique catalytic performance of the Fe–N/C_B-RGO (1) catalyst is attributed to electron transfer synergies arising from close interfacial contact between the biomass-derived carbon and graphene.     

Detection of aflatoxin B1 by aptamer-based biosensor using PAMAM dendrimers as immobilization platform

We report an aptamer-based biosensor for detection of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a mycotoxin identified as contaminant in food. The sensor is assembled in a multilayer framework that utilizes cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for acquiring the signal response by means of redox indicators: K[Fe(CN)₆]^−3/−4. Poly (amidoamine) dendrimers of fourth generation (PAMAM G4) immobilized on gold electrode covered by cystamine, were employed for attachment of single stranded amino-modified DNA aptamers specific to AFB₁. The cystamine-dendrimers (Cys-PAMAM) layers were compared with other immobilization platforms such as cystamine (Cys), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-dendrimers (MUA-PAMAM), being the first approach the most appropriate for producing sensitive and reproducible signal in the range of concentrations 0.1–10 nM AFB₁. The sensor was validated in certified contaminated peanuts extract as well as in spiked samples of peanuts-corn snacks and the sensing response was evaluated and compared in terms of the matrix effect. The aptamer specificity was analyzed by testing the sensor in other mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B₂ (AFB₂) and ochratoxin A (OTA). The limit of detection achieved by this sensor was LOD = 0.40 ± 0.03 nM, it was regenerable in 0.2 M glycine-HCl and it did not lose its stability up to 60 h storing at 4 °C. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies were also performed for illustrating individual steps of biosensor assembly.