高效液相色谱法测定竹筷中噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚和联苯

建立高效液相色谱测定竹筷中噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚、联苯的方法。以甲醇为提取溶剂,用索氏提取法提取竹筷中噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚和联苯3种保鲜剂。以甲醇-水(体积比70:30)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,采用C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,紫外检测器检测,检测波长247nm,进样量20μL。方法的相关系数均大于0.999,最低检出限为0.01μg/mL,平均回收率为95.8%～97.1%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～2.6%。应用所建立的方法测定一次性竹筷中噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚、联苯的残留量,结果表明：该方法样品处理简单,色谱分离完全,结果准确可靠,适于竹筷中噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚和联苯的分析检测。     

微滴式数字PCR对肉制品中羊肉和猪肉定量分析

为了实现肉制品中羊肉和猪肉的量化研究,本文应用微滴式数字PCR对肉制品进行定量检测。通过在看家基因上设计单拷贝特异性引物,能更好的鉴别是人为因素的掺假还是在加工过程中无意的带入。根据dd PCR的结果显示,在一定范围肉质量和DNA的浓度,DNA浓度和DNA拷贝数(C)成现一定的线性关系。通过人为掺假及市售样品检测以验证此方法。以DNA浓度作为中间换算值,得到肉质量和DNA拷贝数之间的换算关系M_羊=0.12C-10.6 M_猪=0.07C+4。通过对已知掺假比例的肉样及市售样品进行检测,能够较好的得到掺假肉的质量。目前市场上存在一定的掺假现象且该检测方法具有一定市场应用前景,本文建立的微滴式数字PCR在羊肉和猪肉及其制品中的掺假检测具有较强的应用潜力,对目前混乱的肉制品掺假的市场监管提供了科学的依据。     

Rapid screening and quantification of multi-class multi-residue veterinary drugs in royal jelly by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid multi-class multi-residue analytical method was developed for the screening and quantification of veterinary drugs in royal jelly by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). A total of 90 veterinary drugs investigated belonged to more than 14 families such as lincomycins, macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, β-agonists, β-lactams, sedatives, β-receptor antagonists, sex hormones, glucocorticoids, nitroimidazoles, benzimidazoles, nitrofurans, and the others. A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure was used for the sample preparation without solid-phase extraction step. The linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the method were fully validated. The response of the detector was linear for each target compounds in wide concentration range (at least, two orders of magnitude) with correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9921–0.9999. The range of the limit of quantification for these compounds in the royal jelly ranged from 0.21 to 20 μg/kg. The repeatability and reproducibility were in the range of 3.01–11.6% and 5.97–14.9%, respectively. The average recoveries ranged from 70.21 to 120.1% with relative standard deviation of 1.77–9.90% at three concentration levels. For the screening method, the data of the precursor and product ions of the target analytes were simultaneously acquired under the All Ions MS/MS mode in a single run. A homemade database including the elemental composition, accurate masses, retention time, isotopic pattern data of the target ions the characteristic in-source fragment ions was utilized for the confirmation and identification of the target compounds. The applicability of the screening method was verified by applying to real royal jelly samples, and certain veterinary drugs were detected in some cases.     

Risk factors associated with the presence of aflatoxin M1 in raw bulk milk from Argentina

The objectives of this study were to assess aflatoxin M₁ (AFM1) contamination in bulk tank milk, and to further identify the risk factors associated with the presence of AFM1 in raw milk in Argentina. The presence of AFM1 was investigated in 160 bulk tank milk samples collected from farms located in the most important milk production region in Argentina during one year (four seasons). Samples were analysed using immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup and UHPLC-MS/MS method for determining AFM1 at low levels of concentrations (LOQ = 0.003 μg L⁻¹). A survey about the potential factors associated with the presence of AFM1 in milk was performed directly in the field through a questionnaire applied to the farmers. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed with presence of AFM1 in milk as dependent variable, and potential risk factors as independent variables. Incidence of AFM1 in raw milk was 38.8% and, in all samples, AFM1 levels were lower than the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) Regulation (maximum level accepted = 0.5 μg L⁻¹). Commercial feed consumption (OR = 4.630, P = 0.001), soybean expeller consumption (>0.95 kgDM/cow) (OR = 3.542, P = 0.019), and cotton seed consumption (>1.5 kgDM/cow) (OR = 2.949, P = 0.089) were associated with the incidence of AFM1 in raw milk. Despite the incidence and the level of AFM1 in milk produced and commercialized in Argentina is not a serious problem for public health. The farm breeding intensification and the supplementation with commercial feed, soybean expeller, and cotton seed seems to be the risk factors that impacts on the AFM1 milk contamination. Therefore, Argentina should improve its monitoring program on mycotoxins in animal feed and milk and improve the management practices in farms.     

纳米多孔金电化学传感器构建及其对饮品中抗坏血酸的检测

基于纳米多孔金（nanoporous gold，NPG）对抗坏血酸的强电催化氧化作用，通过酸腐蚀制备NPG，构建纳米多孔电极（NPG/GCE）检测饮料中的抗坏血酸。通过循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安（differential pulse voltammetry，DPV）法对抗坏血酸检测条件进行优化，确定最佳检测条件为pH 4.0的柠檬酸缓冲液。在优化条件下，利用DPV法对抗坏血酸进行检测，结果表明：在6.652 8～160 μg/mL的范围内，峰电流密度与抗坏血酸质量浓度呈良好的线性关系；该电极制备简单、灵敏度高、稳定性和抗干扰能力强，对饮料中抗坏血酸的快速检测有良好的应用潜力。     

Novel monoclonal antibody-based sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid immunochromatographic strip for detecting aflatoxin M1 in milk

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is specific to AFM1 was generated from the hybridoma cell line, 10F3C10, which was obtained by the fusion of mouse NS1 myeloma cells with the spleen cells of mouse that had been immunized with AFM1-bovine serum albumin (BSA). The 10F3C10 mAb is belong to the immunoglobulin G1 isotype. Both competitive direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to characterize the mAb for AFM1. The concentrations of AFM1, AFB1 and AFG1 that caused 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) of the binding of AFM1-horseradish peroxidase (AFM1-HRP) to the antibody were found to be 0.022, 0.310 and 2.12 ng/mL, respectively. The immunochromatographic strip (immunostrip) assay with mAb-gold nanoparticle conjugates as a detection marker exhibited a visual limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL for AFM1 and the analysis took a total of 10 min. Closely examining 17 milk-based samples using cdELISA revealed that four were slightly contaminated with AFM1 at concentrations from 0.002 to 0.054 ng/mL. All milk samples were negative in the immunostrip test because the levels of contaminant were below the detection limit of the strip. Notably, the presented cdELISA and immunostrip methods are highly sensitive methods for detecting AFM1 in milk.     

多糖基颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液凝胶研究进展

近年来,乳液凝胶由于能够提高乳液稳定性、保护生物活性物质、控制生物活性物质释放等优点,引起了人们极大的兴趣.多糖基颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液凝胶是指将多糖基颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液嵌入凝胶网络中,或者由多糖基颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液液滴聚集、相互作用形成连续的乳液颗粒型凝胶网络结构.这种乳液凝胶具...     

凯氏蒸馏-电子滴定器碘滴定法测定食品中的二氧化硫

目的利用凯氏蒸馏仪前处理和电子滴定器滴定检测样品中的二氧化硫残留量,分析食品中二氧化硫残留量的含量水平。方法对29类1 125份样品中的二氧化硫残留量进行蒸馏、滴定检测,进一步研究该方法的检出限、精密度和加标回收率,并对检测数据进行分析。结果凯氏蒸馏-电子滴定器碘滴定法的检出限为0.010 g/kg,RSD为2.4%~5.1%,加标回收率为87.0%~99.6%,1 125份样品中,20.8%(234/1 125)检出二氧化硫,19.1%(215/1 125)检出但未超二氧化硫最大允许使用量。结论凯氏蒸馏-电子滴定器碘滴定法快速、准确,适用于食品中二氧化硫残留量的检测;个别样品如蜜饯、饼干、粉条、海米中的二氧化硫残留量数据异常,高于我国最大允许使用量,存在一定的食品安全隐患。     

DNA条形码COI序列在常见肉类鉴别中的应用研究

为了对常见的4种肉类及相关肉制品进行掺假鉴定,判别与产品标签是否相符,本研究以COI基因为靶基因,建立了4种动物源性食品DNA条形码鉴别技术。分别提取牛、羊、猪、鸭四大物种的基因组DNA为模板,以其COI基因的保守序列区设计6对通用引物,结合文献报道及数据库提供的7对通用引物进行PCR扩增,并将测序结果提交Gen Bank数据库Blast比对,评价不同DNA条形码的检测鉴别能力。筛选出COI-A为最优序列,在4个物种中扩增效率100%。对抽检的20个批次的肉加工品样品进行检测,鉴定结果约有90%的样品与产品标签标示的成分相符。其中1个批次的牛丸制品因肉类成分含量低未扩增成功,1个批次的牛丸制品检出鸭源成分,判定掺假。DNA条形码技术快速有效,本研究筛选的COI-A序列可直接用于牛、羊、猪、鸭及其肉制品的鉴定,并为其它常见动物源性食品的种类鉴定提供一定参考依据。     

Variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and milk products collected during winter and summer seasons

Total 221 samples of milk and milk products were collected during winter (November 2011–February 2012) and 212 samples were collected during summer (May–August 2012) from central areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) with a validated HPLC method equipped with florescence detector. The results revealed that from winter season almost 45% samples of milk and milk products were found to be contaminated with AFM₁ i.e. 40% of raw milk, 51% of UHT milk, 37% of yogurt, 60% of butter and 43% of ice cream samples and 27, 24, 25, 34 and 17% of samples were found above the recommended limit for AFM₁, respectively. However, from summer season 32% samples of milk and milk products were found to be contaminated i.e. 36% of raw milk, 31% of UHT milk, 29% of yogurt, 40% of butter and 24% of ice cream and 23, 23, 18, 20 and 5% of samples were found above the permissible limit for AFM₁, respectively. The levels of contamination in winter milk and milk product samples were significantly higher (α ≤ 0.05) than in summer season. The occurrence of AFM₁ in milk and milk products were higher, demanding to implement strict regulations and also urged the need for continuous monitoring of milk and milk products in order to minimize the health hazards.