Comparison of simplex and duplex real-time PCR for the quantification of GMO in maize and soybean

This paper focuses on the determination of the GMO content of maize and soybean samples using real-time PCR, comparing simplex and duplex PCR. The total DNA content of samples was determined by amplifying part of a maize gene encoding a lipid transfer protein, or part of a soybean lectin gene. The transgenic DNA was quantified by amplifying part of the CaMV 35S promoter. The importance of preparation and conservation of standards as well as the relevance of DNA extraction protocol on the variability of results are discussed. For the determination of low GMO content, limitation in the number of copies of the target gene to be amplified is considered. For samples with a theoretical GMO content of 1%, corresponding to the legal threshold for labelling, the value determined by duplex real-time PCR ranged from 0.85% to 1.20%. Both real-time simplex and duplex PCRs allowed identification of GMO free samples without ambiguity.     

基于GC-MS指纹图谱和化学计量分析鉴别预包装纯葡萄汁及葡萄汁制品

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究预包装纯葡萄汁的香气成分,建立其香气成分的气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱,结合化学计量分析对3 个产地的混合果汁、纯葡萄汁、葡萄汁饮料共3 类预包装葡萄汁制品进行鉴别。结果表明：预包装纯葡萄汁中主要香气成分共38 种,所建立香气成分的气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱中共分析出15 个特征峰,其峰面积之和占总峰面积的95%以上。利用夹角余弦法和相关系数法对指纹图谱进行分析,发现气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱相似度与其品质呈正相关。所建立的香气成分指纹图谱结合化学计量分析能准确将预包装混合果汁、葡萄汁饮料和纯葡萄汁鉴别区分。     

四种蜂蜜中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

对湖北产荆条蜜、紫云英蜜、柑橘蜜、油菜蜜4个蜂蜜品种中的脂肪酸组成和含量进行分析比较。采用乙醚提取蜂蜜中的脂肪酸,再以硫酸-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化处理,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪分离鉴定其中的脂肪酸组成和相对含量。结果表明,4种蜂蜜中共分离出14种脂肪酸,其中荆条蜜、紫云英蜜及油菜蜜中分别鉴定出8种脂肪酸,柑橘蜜中鉴定出7种脂肪酸,另外,14种脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量的45.53%～79.31%,饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量的16.68%～40.77%,4种蜂蜜中均含有棕榈酸和油酸。     

GH2907合金VIM+VAR 3 t钢锭1190℃均质化过程中Nb和Si的扩散行为

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等研究了GH2907(0.02C,38.20Ni,13.92Co,4.92Nb,1.60Ti,0.32Si)合金Φ508 mm3 t钢锭Nb和Si在1 190℃的扩散规律.研究表明,GH2907合金Φ508 mm钢锭的枝晶间距大约110μm,Nb和Si在1 190℃的表观扩散系数分别为D=(0....     

Φ300 mm S53 马氏体时效强化钢环状花样低倍组织分析及工艺改进

6 t真空自耗炉冶炼的S53钢在Φ300 mm锻材低倍组织检测时发现了环状花样组织,组织及扫描电镜能谱分析表明:Cr、Mo等元素的偏析是造成环状花样组织的原因。通过调整真空自耗熔炼参数,熔滴短路时间由平均0.8 s降低到0.3 s,电压值由平均26 V降低到25 V,熔速由平均6 kg/min降低到4.8 kg/min,电流值由平均11 500 A降低到7 500 A,氦气压力由平均600 Pa降低到300 Pa,消除了S53钢环状花样组织。     

电液控制器用加 Bi - Ce 易切削不锈钢 1．4104 的开发

大冶特钢公司电液控制器用高端不锈钢1.4104 (/%:0.16C,1.23Mn,16.40Cr,0.41Ni,0.43Mo,0.023Ca)采用20 t电弧炉初炼、LF与VD精炼,铸1.2 t锭,径锻成材工艺生产,通过喂入Bi包芯线(Bi:0.036%)与稀土球化剂(Ce:0.054%)后该钢横向力学性能与切削性能大幅提高。与无Bi-Ce钢相比,含Bi-Ce钢夹杂物总量减少84.4%,MnS夹杂减少85.5%,夹杂物平均尺寸由4.5μm增至13.7μm,切削力平均降低70～80 N,切屑更厚,更加易断,横向断面收缩率由3%提高至17%。     

Pulsed magnetic flux leakage techniques for crack detection and characterisation

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) techniques have been widely used for non-intrusively inspecting steel installations by applying magnetization. In the situations where defects may take place on the near and far surfaces of the structure under inspection, current MFL techniques are unable to determine their approximate size. Consequently, an extra transducer may have to be included to provide the extra information required. This paper presents a new approach termed as pulsed magnetic flux leakage (PMFL) for crack detection and characterisation. The probe design and method are introduced. The signal features in time–frequency domains are investigated through theoretical simulations and experiments. The results show that the technique can potentially provide additional information about the defects. Lastly, potential applications are suggested.     

基于有限元对卸料机翻转框架的轻量化设计

目的以翻转框架为研究对象,采用有限元对其进行轻量化设计,在满足强度和工作性能的条件下最大程度地减轻其质量。方法针对翻转框架的实际工况,利用拓扑优化和尺寸优化对翻转框架进行轻量化设计。在满足工作性能和翻转框架强度的基础上,对在上料工况和极限工况下的翻转框架进行强度分析,基于分析结果,对翻转框架先后进行拓扑优化和尺寸优化,并对比分析优化前后翻转框架的强度情况。结果优化后的翻转框架强度满足要求,其减重幅度达到了17%。结论设计出的卸料机翻转框架结构满足其强度和工作性能的要求,并达到了较好的轻量化效果。     

Analysis of metabolic markers of tea origin by UHPLC and high resolution mass spectrometry

Tea is an infusion made from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis L. and is the second most consumed beverage in the world. It has been shown that factors such as fermentation methods, cultivar, geographical origin and season can affect the biochemical composition of tea. In this study, the biochemical composition of green, oolong and black commercial tea samples from around the world was studied using a non-targeted method utilising reversed phase ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of green, oolong and black tea extracts clearly showed that fermented tea can be resolved from non-fermented tea. When the non-targeted data were combined with the supervised multivariate technique, partial least squares discriminant analysis, the method was able to clearly distinguish ‘country of origin’ within green tea and to a lesser extent within a black tea sample set, plus provide indicative marker ions for the country of origin. Many of the significant components detected in this study are unknowns, emphasising the importance of un-biased non-targeted analytical techniques. This study highlights the potential efficacy of non-targeted UHPLC–mass spectrometry when combined with multivariate statistics to differentiate fermented from non-fermented tea and provide potential indicators of provenance of tea samples for further examination.     

A maximum power point tracking control strategy with variable weather parameters for photovoltaic systems with DC bus

In photovoltaic (PV) system, the most commonly used DC/DC converter is the basic buck or boost circuit to implement the maximum point power tracking (MPPT) due to their simple structure and low cost while there are some MPPT constraint conditions. By contrast, the conventional buck/boost DC/DC converter without MPPT constraint condition is seldom used because of its high cost or poor performance. To keep the advantages of these three DC/DC converters while overcoming their shortcomings, in this paper, the constraint conditions of capturing the maximum power point (MPP) of PV systems with direct-current (DC) bus are found out. Then, on the basis of this work, a MPPT control strategy with variable weather parameters is proposed. In this strategy, a new buck/boost DC/DC converter is proposed, which not only avoids the MPPT constraint conditions of basic buck or boost DC/DC converter but also overcomes the shortcomings of conventional buck/boost DC/DC converter. Finally, lots of simulated experiments verify the accuracy of MPPT constraint conditions, test the feasibility and availability of proposed MPPT control strategy, analyze the MPPT performance of proposed PV system and compare the output transient-state performance with conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method.