粘帚霉可湿性粉剂助剂的初步研究

可湿性粉剂是生物农药的重要剂型。通过平板培养法，测定菌落形成单位数（cfu值1，开展了可湿性粉剂多种常用助剂对高效生防真菌粉红粘帚霉67．1菌株孢子的生物学相容性研究。所试载体中，滑石粉等4种处理与对照没有显著性的差异，对粘帚霉孢子活力影响不明显；所试润湿分散剂中，木质素磺酸钙与对照没有显著性差异，对粘帚霉孢子活力影响不明显；所试紫外保护剂均对孢子活力无显著影响，但在紫外灯照射3min的条件下，只有腐植酸和糊精能有效保护孢子活力；常用稳定剂CMC—Na（羧甲基纤维素钠）对孢子活力无影响。上述多种与粘帚霉孢子具良好生物学相容性助剂的确定，为粘帚霉可湿性粉剂的研究提供重要依据。     

The influence of Gd/Ce substitution on the magnetic properties,electronic structure and the valence of cerium in the solid solution CexGd1−xNi3

The polycrystalline compounds Ce_xGd_1−xNi₃ with a rhombohedral PuNi₃ (x ≤ 0.2) and hexagonal CeNi₃ (x ≥ 0.8) – type of crystal structures have been obtained. The change of the lattice parameters may suggest an unstable valence of cerium in the studied system. The effect of partial substitution of Gd by Ce is reflected in a change of the cell volume V(x), the Curie temperature T_C(x) and in the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity. Thus, T_C(x) decreases from 115 K (x = 0) to ∼6.8 K (x = 0.8). The XPS spectra have been measured at room temperature. The valence band spectra (VB) as well as the core level lines have been analysed as influence of the Gd/Ce substitution on the electronic structure. The VB near the Fermi level (E_F) is dominated by Ni3d states. In the VB region some slight effects of hybridization and changes of intensity of states on E_F have been noticed. The analysis of Ce core level lines reveals the occurrence of possible intermediate valence. The values of the Ce4f - state occupation parameter (n_f) and the hybridization energy (Δ) have been estimated. The gradual filling of the Ni3d band is revealed by a reduction of the 6 eV satellite intensities in the Ni2p core level spectrum. All these effects can modify the magnetic properties of the investigated compounds.     

Odor Perception in the Cotton Bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera,Exposed to Juglans regia,a Marginal Host Plant

Journal of Chemical Ecology - The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world, infesting cotton, maize, soybean, and many other crops. In...     

Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of Coffee Bean Weevil, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Araecerus fasciculatus</Emphasis>

The coffee bean weevil (CBW), Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer, 1775), is a cosmopolitan stored-product pest, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Previous reports showed evidence for aggregation behavior of CBW and this study aimed to identify and evaluate the aggregation pheromone of this pest. Whole-body solvent extractions were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comparison of male and female extracts showed a male-specific compound which was identified as squalene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene. This compound was shown to attract male and female CBW in Y-tube olfactometer and storage trap assays. The longevity of septum lures was also evaluated in a warehouse. Squalene could be useful in monitoring and controlling this pest.     

阿维菌素与毒死蜱对小菜蛾联合毒力的生物测定

[方法]小菜蛾是十字花科蔬菜上危害最为严重的害虫之一。采用浸液法研究了阿维菌素与毒死蜱联合混配对小菜蛾的毒力作用。[结果]结果表明:2种药剂单用时阿维菌素毒力高于毒死蜱,24 h时阿维菌素和毒死蜱的LC50值分别为380.6794、2,274.0142 mg/L。24 h内两药剂混用表现为相加作用。阿维菌素与毒死蜱的比例为1∶2.22时,48、72 h后的共毒系数可高达983和998,均表现为增效作用。[结论]随着时间的延长,2种药剂混配后表现为较强的增效作用。     

吸水链霉菌A03抗菌活性产物发酵条件的优化

[目的]吸水链霉菌A03是自主分离的高效拮抗菌株,其活性代谢产物对多种植物病原真菌具有强烈抑制作用;为了建立其高产发酵工艺,并为过程放大提供技术参数,利用正交设计和单因素试验对其发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化。[结果]获得的最适发酵培养基配方(g/L):葡萄糖5,可溶性淀粉5,黄豆粉10,磷酸二氢钾0.5,碳酸钙1,七水硫酸镁0.1;最优培养条件:液体种子菌龄40 h,500 mL摇瓶装液量80 mL,接种量为体积分数12%,摇床转速180 r/min,培养温度28℃,发酵周期216 h;发酵液抑菌直径达3.04 cm。[结论]成功建立了该菌株的小试发酵工艺,发酵水平提高了52.0%,发酵周期缩短30.77%。研究结果为其发酵代谢调控和过程放大提供了基本参数。     

Simultaneous Determination of Tebufenozide and Phoxim in Chinese Cabbage and Soil Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This study demonstrates a new, rapid, and sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of tebufenozide and phoxim in cabbage and soil using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation procedure followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Tebufenozide and phoxim were extracted with acetonitrile and subsequently cleaned up with a primary and secondary amine sorbent prior to sample analysis. Recoveries ranged from 77.2 to 107.3 % for all analytes, with relative standard deviation values lower than 8.8 % in matrices at three levels (0.005, 0.01, 0.1 mg/kg). The limit of quantification for tebufenozide and phoxim in cabbages and soil was 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. The developed method was used to study the dissipation of the pesticides in cabbage and soil in a field trial. The tebufenozide and phoxim dissipated with half-life of 4.5–4.8 and 0.7–0.7 days (in cabbage) and 10.8–12.7 and 1.1–1.5 days (in soil), respectively. The final residue concentrations of tebufenozide and phoxim were 0.022–0.482 and 0.029–0.042 mg/kg (in cabbage) and 0.029–0.487 and 0.025–0.043 mg/kg (in soil), respectively. The results further confirmed the reliability and efficacy of the proposed method for routine pesticide residue monitoring in soil and cabbage samples.     

Identification of Components of the Female Sex Pheromone of the Simao Pine Caterpillar Moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendrolimus kikuchii</Emphasis> Matsumura

The pine caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus kikuchii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is a pest of economic importance on pine in southwest China. Three active compounds were detected during analyses of solvent extracts and effluvia sampled by solid phase microextraction (SPME) from virgin female D. kikuchii using gas chromatography (GC) coupled with electroantennographic (EAG) recording with antennae from a male moth. The compounds were identified as (5Z,7E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc), (5Z,7E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH), and (5Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5-12:OAc) by comparison of their GC retention indices, mass spectra, and EAG activities with those of synthetic standards. Microchemical reactions of gland extracts provided further information confirming the identifications of the three components. Solvent extractions and SPME samples of pheromone effluvia from virgin calling females provided 100:18:0.6 and 100:7:1 ratios of Z5,E7-12:OAc:Z5,E7-12:OH:Z5-12:OAc, respectively. Field behavioral assays showed that Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OH were essential for attraction of male D. kikuchii moths. However, the most attractive blend contained these three components in a 100:20:25 ratio in a gray rubber septa. Our results demonstrated that the blend of Z5,E7-12:OAc, Z5,E7-12:OH, and Z5-12:OAc comprise the sex pheromone of D. kikuchii. The optimized three-component lure blend is recommended for monitoring D. kikuchii infestations.     

石家庄地区巨峰葡萄早春叶片黄化矫正试验

以发生叶片黄化的10年生贝达砧巨峰为试材,采用NAA+IBA灌根、叶面喷施氨基酸、叶面喷施络合铁3个处理,30 d后,通过观察叶片长势、颜色,测定成熟叶柄中氮、磷、钾、铁、锌元素的含量,使用Li-6400光合作用测定仪测定叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度等指标,统计新根数量等方法来判定试验的有效性。结果表明:采用NAA+IBA灌根后,新根总量显著增加,植株全铁、全锌含量显著提高,叶片光合效率明显增强,新生叶片转绿,植株生长势增强;其它两个处理也有一定效果,但以灌根处理效果最为显著。     

葡萄溃疡病病菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)的诱导产孢方法评价

分生孢子是病原真菌研究中的重要材料,本试验的目的是筛选诱导葡萄溃疡病病菌(B.dothidea)大量快速产孢的有效方法.采用不同培养基、菌丝打断法和接种葡萄绿枝条3种方法,选取葡萄溃疡病病菌JT-03和ZJZ-01菌株以产孢时间和产孢量对3种方法进行评价.结果表明,JT-03和zJZ-01菌株在WA(添加2％的葡萄枝粉末)、OA,DA和PSA 4种培养基上产孢慢且产孢量都很少;在PDA上培养7d开始产孢,产孢较多;菌丝打断法在涂断菌丝2d后产生分生孢子,产孢量不稳定;接种葡萄绿枝条4～5d时在病部即可以观察到产生大量分生孢子.因此,采用菌丝打断法适宜用于鉴定病原菌,接种葡萄绿枝条可以快速得到大量分生孢子,以用于致病性鉴定和侵染机理等研究.