Co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria to improve cherry wines sensory quality

This study examined the effect of co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the chemical and sensory characteristics of cherry wines, in comparison with a traditional sequential culture. Three LABs were investigated, including two O. oeni (SG26 and Viniflora) and one L. plantarum (PL18). All co‐inoculations significantly shortened the fermentation time (average 8 days earlier) to reach a stable level of residual sugar (<2 g L^?1) and L‐malic acid (<0.5 g L^?1), and no inhibitory effect on the yeast proliferation was observed. For volatiles determined, co‐culture with SG26 produced the greatest amount of volatile components (138.5 mg L^?1), whereas sequential inoculation with PL18 had the lowest level (119.6 mg L^?1). PCA result revealed that different LABs had diverse influences on the volatile profile of cherry wines, and sensory analysis confirmed that these samples presented distinct sensory profiles, and particularly, a stronger note of fruity was perceived when co‐culture was used.     

Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

裙带菜孢子叶的生物活性物质及其在食品中的应用

裙带菜属于褐藻门植物,营养价值高,是海洋中的经济褐藻之一。人们食用的部分多为其叶与梗,孢子叶是其繁殖器官,因含较多纤维物质,食用口感较差,在加工过程中常作为废料被丢弃,造成资源浪费。研究发现,孢子叶中含有多种生物活性物质,如多糖、多肽、褐藻多酚、岩藻黄素等,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、降血脂等生理功效,是功能性食品开发的良好原料。文章绍了裙带菜孢子叶生物活性物质的功能特性及提取方法,并对其在食品中的应用进行了分析和展望,以期为裙带菜孢子叶的综合开发利用提供理论参考。     

桑葚白兰地对风干肠挥发性风味成分及品质的影响

为研究白兰地替代白酒对传统风干肠品质的影响,选取桑葚白兰地与白酒按照不同体积比制作风干肠,肠中两种酒添加量共为0.03 mL/g。风干成熟后,检测产品的挥发性风味物质、生物胺含量、硫代巴比妥酸值（thiobarbituric acid resctive substances,TBARS）、总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）并进行感官评价。结果表明：顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS）联用检测到63 种挥发性成分,顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱（headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,HS-GC-IMS）检测到45 种已知的挥发性成分,其中苯甲醛、癸醛、乙酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、壬酸乙酯及乙酸异戊酯是添加白兰地组产品的典型风味成分。完全使用白兰地组风干肠风味和整体可接受性最佳;TBARS值及TVB-N值分别为0.92 mg/kg和7.15 mg/100 g,明显低于对照组（未添加酒）和只使用白酒组（P＜0.05）;能够控制风干肠成熟过程中组胺、色胺及2-苯乙胺的生成,效果明显优于对照组及白酒组（P＜0.05）,但各处理组（加白酒/白兰地组）对总生物胺的抑制作用无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上,桑葚白兰地能够赋予产品良好风味、抑制风干肠氧化变质及生物胺的积累,改善产品品质。     

低脂巧克力配方优化

以可可液块和可可脂为原料,以脂肪模拟物部分取代可可脂来生产低脂巧克力,具有热量低、营养丰富等特点,更符合人们对于健康的需求。以脂肪取代比、糖粉添加量、纯牛奶添加量为单因素变量,以感官评分为响应值,优化低脂巧克力的配方。研究结果表明,最佳配方为可可液块添加量50%、可可脂添加量25%（脂肪取代比23.471%）、糖粉添加量22.5%、纯牛奶添加量2.65%。在此配方下制作出来的巧克力有纯正的可可香气,色泽均一,口感丝滑,感官评分最高,且具有良好的质构特性。     

零脂咖啡伴侣的制备工艺优化及产品评价

以豌豆分离蛋白（pea protein isolate,PPI）和瓜尔豆胶为主要原料模拟脂肪细腻顺滑的口感,替代植脂末,制备零脂咖啡伴侣。通过湿热处理结合高速剪切工艺制备出粒径符合0.1～10 μm 的豌豆分离蛋白微凝胶颗粒,采用控制变量法,确定体系pH 值、瓜尔豆胶和三聚磷酸钠添加量,利用喷雾干燥工艺制备零脂咖啡伴侣。研究确定豌豆分离蛋白分散液的pH 值为5.5,最佳配方为豌豆分离蛋白粉100.0 g、瓜尔豆胶添加量0.8 g、三聚磷酸钠添加量0.2 g、磷酸三钙添加量1.1 g,成品的最佳冲调量为2 g 黑咖啡和7 g 零脂咖啡伴侣溶于150 mL 水中。感官评价结果表明,零脂咖啡伴侣与市售咖啡伴侣在色度上相近,并在一定程度上降低了黑咖啡苦涩的口感。该研究结果促进植物性蛋白的开发与利用,促进低脂食品的发展,并为替代传统市售植脂末咖啡伴侣提供理论基础。     

烟台地区引起甜樱桃采后腐烂霉菌的分离鉴定

为明确引起烟台地区甜樱桃采后腐烂的主要霉菌,对烟台采后腐烂甜樱桃中的霉菌进行分离,应用内部转录间隔区序列分析方法和形态学观察将分离的霉菌进行鉴定。选出代表性霉菌菌株回接樱桃,进行致腐性检测。结果表明:从烟台不同区县收集的腐烂樱桃中分离出的60株霉菌分属于6个种:燕麦赤霉菌(Gibberella avenacea)、总状毛霉菌(Mucor racemosus)、三线镰刀菌(Fusarium tricinctum)、互生链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)、奥桑青霉菌(Penicillium polonicum)和烟曲霉菌(Aspergillus fumigatus),其中互生链格孢菌和总状毛霉数量较多,分别为14株和15株。将这些霉菌中的代表菌株重新接回到甜樱桃,均能引起甜樱桃的腐烂。