苯乳酸抑制链格孢霉作用靶位的分析

以从自然腐败的樱桃上分离的链格孢霉（Alternaria sp.）LD3.0086为指示菌，研究苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要抑制作用靶位。应用分光光度法测定苯乳酸对链格孢霉的最小抑菌浓度，通过卡尔科弗卢尔荧光增白剂染液（calcofluor white，CFW）染色观察苯乳酸对菌丝顶端生长的破坏作用，利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察链格孢霉的超微结构变化，通过测定苯乳酸作用前后链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度变化研究苯乳酸对菌丝细胞壁的破坏作用，应用荧光双染色法观察苯乳酸对链格孢霉菌丝细胞膜的损伤作用。结果表明，12.5 mmol/L的苯乳酸能有效抑制链格孢霉的生长；与对照组（无菌水处理）相比，苯乳酸处理后链格孢霉顶端生长细胞无明显形变，经12.5 mmol/L苯乳酸处理的链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度基本不变；苯乳酸处理24 h，链格孢霉菌丝细胞壁表面无明显损伤，细胞内结构发生明显变化；苯乳酸短时间（4 h）处理链格孢霉，菌丝细胞膜仍较为完整，加入苯乳酸较长时间（8 h）后细胞膜发生破裂。综合分析可知，苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要作用靶位应不是菌丝体的细胞壁和细胞膜，而是在菌丝体内部，通过破坏菌丝内部细胞器结构或引起细胞内的生化反应，从而抑制链格孢霉的生长和繁殖，发挥抑菌活性。     

Facial synthesis of dandelion-like g-C3N4/Ag with high performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production

Nowadays, energy shortage is one of the major problems in the world. Photocatalytic hydrogen production is a new type of energy technology with good application prospect. As a new type of photocatalytic semiconductor material, g-C₃N₄ has attracted much attention as a photocatalyst. By ultrasonic treatment of a mixed solution of g-C₃N₄ and bovine serum albumin, followed by adding a certain amount of silver nitrate solution and then directly hydrothermal treatment, a special dandelion-like g-C₃N₄/Ag (D-g-C₃N₄/Ag) was prepared. The scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence and physicochemical adsorption methods were used to characterize the morphology and structure of D-g-C₃N₄/Ag. In addition, the photocatalytic H₂ production of D-g-C₃N₄/Ag with different Ag loadings or in different sacrificial agents and different pH conditions were investigated. The results indicated that when triethanolamine was used as sacrificial agent, photocatalytic hydrogen efficiency was the best, and the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen production reached 862 μmol g⁻¹ h^{− 1} as the Ag loading was 4%.     

Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

The role of ion bridging in controlling competitive electrodeposition processes

It was shown by the following three different types of measurements that the effect of thiocyanate on electrodeposition processes involving cobalt, nickel and lead could be predicted by regarding the thiocyanate as a bridging anion for deposition the transition elements and merely as a blocking agent for the deposition of the non-transition elements.

• 1.(1) Voltammetric methods showed that the thiocyanate increased the rate of deposition of the transition elements, cobalt and nickel, but only inhibited the deposition of the non-transition elements lead and hydrogen.
• 2.(2) Current efficiency measurements showed that addition of thiocyanate ions increased the current efficiency for the deposition of the transition elements cobalt and nickel, but decreased the current efficiency for deposition of the non-transition element lead.
• 3.(3) Alloy deposition studies showed that addition of thiocyanate ions increased the percentage of cobalt and nickel in cobalt-lead and Ni-Pb alloys.

     

Co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria to improve cherry wines sensory quality

This study examined the effect of co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the chemical and sensory characteristics of cherry wines, in comparison with a traditional sequential culture. Three LABs were investigated, including two O. oeni (SG26 and Viniflora) and one L. plantarum (PL18). All co‐inoculations significantly shortened the fermentation time (average 8 days earlier) to reach a stable level of residual sugar (<2 g L^?1) and L‐malic acid (<0.5 g L^?1), and no inhibitory effect on the yeast proliferation was observed. For volatiles determined, co‐culture with SG26 produced the greatest amount of volatile components (138.5 mg L^?1), whereas sequential inoculation with PL18 had the lowest level (119.6 mg L^?1). PCA result revealed that different LABs had diverse influences on the volatile profile of cherry wines, and sensory analysis confirmed that these samples presented distinct sensory profiles, and particularly, a stronger note of fruity was perceived when co‐culture was used.     

超临界二氧化碳再压缩布雷顿循环多目标优化

建立超临界二氧化碳再压缩布雷顿循环多目标优化模型,研究分流系数、循环压比、主压缩机吸气压力和膨胀机入口温度对系统性能的影响规律,并进行综合评价.结果表明:随着分流系数的增大,多目标函数先增大后减小,同时分流系数具有最优值;随着主压缩机吸气压力的增加,多目标函数和系统热效率均降低;膨胀机入口温度越高,多目标函数越小;4个...     

烟台地区引起甜樱桃采后腐烂霉菌的分离鉴定

为明确引起烟台地区甜樱桃采后腐烂的主要霉菌,对烟台采后腐烂甜樱桃中的霉菌进行分离,应用内部转录间隔区序列分析方法和形态学观察将分离的霉菌进行鉴定。选出代表性霉菌菌株回接樱桃,进行致腐性检测。结果表明:从烟台不同区县收集的腐烂樱桃中分离出的60株霉菌分属于6个种:燕麦赤霉菌(Gibberella avenacea)、总状毛霉菌(Mucor racemosus)、三线镰刀菌(Fusarium tricinctum)、互生链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)、奥桑青霉菌(Penicillium polonicum)和烟曲霉菌(Aspergillus fumigatus),其中互生链格孢菌和总状毛霉数量较多,分别为14株和15株。将这些霉菌中的代表菌株重新接回到甜樱桃,均能引起甜樱桃的腐烂。     

裙带菜孢子叶的生物活性物质及其在食品中的应用

裙带菜属于褐藻门植物,营养价值高,是海洋中的经济褐藻之一。人们食用的部分多为其叶与梗,孢子叶是其繁殖器官,因含较多纤维物质,食用口感较差,在加工过程中常作为废料被丢弃,造成资源浪费。研究发现,孢子叶中含有多种生物活性物质,如多糖、多肽、褐藻多酚、岩藻黄素等,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、降血脂等生理功效,是功能性食品开发的良好原料。文章绍了裙带菜孢子叶生物活性物质的功能特性及提取方法,并对其在食品中的应用进行了分析和展望,以期为裙带菜孢子叶的综合开发利用提供理论参考。