A novel method of shrimp blanching by CO2 heat pump: Quality,energy, and economy analysis

To reduce the energy consumption of the shrimp blanching process and improve the economic value of the blanched product, a transcritical CO₂ heat pump blanching system (THPB system) was designed in this paper. The trends of astaxanthin were investigated at atmospheric pressure near boiling temperature, combined with the color and structural properties of shrimp samples, and the optimal blanching times of 270 s and 240 s were obtained at 90°C and 95°C, respectively. In contrast to the fuel blanching system (FB system) at 100°C, the annual standard coal consumption of the THPB system with 90°C blanching is decreased by 79%, and the annual operating cost can be saved by CNY 63,800, with a payback period of about 3.13 years.Industrial relevanceBlanching is one of the effective ways to prolong the shelf life of shrimp. However, the research on the blanching time and temperature of shrimp is not comprehensive. In addition, the traditional fuel blanching process has high energy consumption and pollution, and can no longer meet the quality requirements of the modern food processing industry. Heat pump has been shown to have better performance in food drying, but it is less used in blanching. The information presented in this study may provide other insights into food processing.     

Crude Wax Extracted from Rice Bran Oil Improves Oleogel Properties and Oxidative Stability

Crude wax extracted from rice bran oil (RBO) is used to improve the oleogel properties and oxidative stability of RBO. The effect of crude rice bran wax (CrBW) on the formation characteristics and oxidative stability of oleogels is discussed. The results show that oleogels can be formed with 7.0 wt% CrBW at 20 °C. As the concentration of CrBW increases from 7.0 to 11.0 wt%, the hardness and solid fat content (SFC) of the oleogels increase significantly, and the oleogels are primarily β' crystals. Moreover, oleogel crystals formed with 5 and 7 wt% CrBW are flocculent; when the amount included is 9%, the oleogel crystals are transformed into long dendrites, and the density rises. After 90 days of storage at 20 °C, the peroxide value of oleogels formed with 9.0 wt% CrBW slowly rises from 3.21 to 6.52 mmol kg⁻¹. Practical Applications: Oleogels prepared here by CrBW and RBO are an innovative structural lipid without trans fats. Useful information on the rich fats and nutrients in CrBW is provided, which reduces the production cost and improves the industrial production capacity.     

燕麦茶饮料制作工艺研究

为优化燕麦茶饮料的制作工艺,以燕麦茶饮料中的可溶性固形物质量分数和感官评价为指标,以炒制时间、炒制温度、浸提比例为因素,采用Box-Behnken试验设计进行响应面试验,得到燕麦茶饮料制作最佳工艺条件:炒制温度为175.41℃,炒制时间为9.39 min,浸提比例为1∶10.73.此时的燕麦茶饮料口感最好,性质最稳定.     

1–MCP结合EA对蓝靛果贮藏品质及活性氧代谢的影响

目的 探究不同处理对贮藏0~60 d期间蓝靛果实贮藏品质及活性氧(ROS)代谢的影响,为蓝靛果贮藏保鲜提供技术依据。方法 以蓝靛果为实验材料,采后将其装入保鲜箱中,用1−甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、乙烯吸收剂(EA)、1-MCP+EA进行处理,在(−0.5±0.3)℃下贮藏60 d,每隔15 d取样观察果实的感官品质,并测定其营养、生理及活性氧代谢相关指标。结果 与对照组相比,3种处理方式均能保持果实较好的感官特性,延缓果实抗坏血酸、花色苷、总酚和黄酮等含量的流失,以及果实的软化;在贮藏60 d时,处理组果实的呼吸强度分别比对照组果实的呼吸强度低22.73、12.92、34.04 mg/(kg.h),乙烯生成速率分别比对照组果实的低6.38、3.98、10.11 μL/(kg.h);可抑制超氧阴离子(O2⁻.)活性、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛含量及相对电导率的升高,保持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性。通过SPSS分析可知,综合得分顺序为CK＜EA＜1-MCP＜1-MCP+EA,表明1-MCP+EA处理的效果最好。结论 1-MCP+EA处理对蓝靛果贮藏60 d的保鲜效果最好,可更好地保留果实的外观和内在品质,利于运输和销售。     

Milk fat globule size,phospholipid contents and composition of milk from purebred and Alpine-crossbred Mid-Eastern goats under confinement or grazing condition

Milk fat globule (MFG) size and phospholipids (PL) content and composition were determined in milk collected at 65 (pretreatment), 110, 135 and 170 days of lactation from goats randomly assigned to grazing in Mediterranean brushland or fed clover hay indoors, in addition to concentrate. Daily feed intake and dietary contents of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were higher in grazing goats, associated with milk richer in fat, with larger MFGs and 20% higher PL content. Smaller MFGs, produced by all confinement groups, was associated with 15 μg g⁻¹ fat higher milk PL content. The greatest effect was found in the Damascus goats, with over 44% higher PL concentration, on milk fat basis, in the confined compared with grazing group. Our understanding of how PL content is modulated by the interaction between genetic background and nutrition will enable to achieve either PL-rich milk or PL-enriched milk fat.     

β-Lactoglobulin nanofibrils: The long and the short of it

The bovine whey protein β-lactoglobulin will self-assemble into amyloid-like nanofibrils when heated at pH ≤ 3 and temperatures ≥75 °C. These fibrils have diameters <10 nm and lengths that can exceed 10 μm. The length and stiffness of fibrils depends on ionic strength; heating at low ionic strength produces long semi-flexible fibrils, whereas heating with added salts produces highly flexible ‘worm-like’ fibrils that are an order of magnitude shorter. Over the last two decades there has been a substantial research effort focused on imaging fibrils, manipulating conditions to accelerate fibril formation, and characterising microstructural and rheological properties of fibril dispersions. Here we review the major mechanistic findings, explore potential applications for fibrils as food ingredients, and highlight the major gaps in knowledge surrounding these intriguing self-assembled structures.     

Esterase activity inspired selection and characterization of zearalenone degrading bacteria Bacillus pumilus ES-21

Zearalenone (ZEN), mainly produced by Fusarium species, is an estrogenic mycotoxin which causes reproductive disorders in livestock. In this study, we described a simple and rapid method for screening of ZEN-degrading bacteria by esterase activity assay. Soil bacteria strains were first tested for their esterase activities, then active strains were further evaluated for their ZEN-degrading potentials. A bacterial strain named Bacillus pumilus ES-21 was detected to be able to eliminate ZEN in the culture medium. ZEN degradation conditions were optimized through response surface methodology and the result showed that the degradation rate of ZEN by Bacillus pumilus ES-21 was up to 95.7% at the ZEN concentration of 17.9 μg/ml within 24 h. One of the degradation product was proposed to be 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6′-hydroxy-l′-undecen-l0′-one according to LC-TOF-MS/MS analysis. This study provided a strategy for the isolation of ZEN degrading microbes and a promising degrading strain.     

超临界CO2状态下酶法合成富含中链脂肪酸的玉米油

研究了在超临界CO2状态下,采用脂肪酶催化辛酸与玉米油反应制备富含辛酸甘油酯玉米油的工艺,分别考察了酶用量、反应压力、温度和时间对辛酸酯化率的影响。最佳的工艺条件为:酶用量5%,反应温度60℃,反应时间24h,反应压力11MPa,在此条件下辛酸的酯化率可达到90.73%。反应产物的脂肪酸组成中,具有生理活性的中链脂肪酸含量高达32.00%。     

生物解离大豆膳食纤维对饼干质构及消化特性的影响

测定生物解离大豆膳食纤维理化及功能特性,研究其对面粉粉质特性及面团质构特性的影响,并明晰其对饼干质构特性及消化特性的改善作用。结果表明,生物解离大豆膳食纤维纯度为81.34%,可溶性膳食纤维占比50.83%,理化及功能特性相比于豆渣膳食纤维均有所提高。当生物解离大豆膳食纤维在面粉中添加量为30%时,面粉粉质特性及面团质构特性最佳,此添加量制作饼干质构特性高于市售纤维饼干,且消化速率也明显低于另外2?种饼干,快速消化淀粉质量分数相比于市售纤维饼干及普通饼干分别降低17.14%、42.57%,慢速消化淀粉质量分数分别提高24.93%、110.27%,抗性淀粉质量分数分别提高0.85%、21.57%,且血糖指数仅为45.99,已处于低糖食物水平范畴。因此生物解离大豆膳食纤维具有良好的理化性质及功能特性,可作为一种新型大豆膳食纤维来源在烘焙品中进行应用。