Ultrathin MoSSe alloy nanosheets anchored on carbon nanotubes as advanced catalysts for hydrogen evolution

The activity of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) derives from the active sites at the edges, but the basal surface still remain catalytic insert. Herein, ultrathin MoSSe alloy nanosheets array on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to form a core shell structure via a simple solvothermal process. These three-dimensional (3D) MoSSe hybrids show a high activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a small Tafel slope of 38 mV dec⁻¹ and a low overpotential of 102 mV at 10 mA cm⁻². In addition, their HER activity remains remarkably stable without significant decay after 100 h polarization. Such superior catalytic HER activity springs from the 3D hierarchical heterostructure, which is abundant of catalytic edge sites, and the alloy effect between S and Se, which will create huge defects and strain to form vacancy sites on the basal plane. This strategy may open a new avenue toward the development of nonprecious high-performance HER catalysts.     

PtIr alloy nanowire assembly on carbon cloth as advanced anode catalysts for methanol oxidation

The interconnecred PtIr alloy nanowires were uniformly deposited on carbon cloth via One-step wet chemistry method, which diameter is averaged to be 5 nm with a length of 50–200 nm. The carbon cloth supported PtIr nanowire assembly (PtIr NA/CC) shows a larger electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) due to its 3D nanostructure and a high CO-resistance as a result from the synergistic effect of PtIr alloy. The PtIr NA/CC exhibits an extremely high mass activity and a reliable long-term stability toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The superior catalytic performance on MOR can match and even surpass those best Pt-based nanowires reported recently in the literature.     

Mixed matrix proton exchange membranes for fuel cells: State of the art and perspectives

Proton-conducting mixed matrix membranes (PC-MMMs) have received considerable interest as promising materials that combine the properties of, and create synergism from interactions between, polymeric and inorganic components. The PC-MMM exhibit superior characteristics compared to individual ion-conducting polymeric membranes or free-standing electrolyte inorganic films. Recent advancements in material preparation have enhanced the ability to design PC-MMMs with specified properties. This critical review discusses the progress of the development of PC-MMMs, with special focus on PC-MMMs based on emerging materials, such as porous materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxides (GOs). Major challenges facing PC-MMMs and strategies taken to overcome those challenges and future perspectives are discussed.     

The rapid selecting of precursor ions and product ions of thirty-four kinds of pesticide for content determination by GC–EI/MS/MS

Pesticide residues caused great threat to human body health, and all countries protected the health of human body by specifying its upper limit. However, pesticide residues were generally very low, similar to trace analysis and as low as millionth or less, the content determination of pesticide residues was a troublesome problem. With the application and promotion of tandem mass spectrometry, it was able to do trace analysis. GC–EI/MS/MS was a common method for the determination of pesticide residues. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was the most common quantitative method used in GC–EI/MS/MS. It has the characteristics of high sensitivity, good reproducibility, high accuracy, strong anti-interference and high ion flux. Multiple-twin precursor ions, product ions and collision energy of thirty-four pesticides were provided for MRM. It could play an important role in developing MRM method for the quantifying of 34 kinds of pesticide. Meanwhile, the development of MRM method for the quantifying of other compounds could also refer to this paper.     

保健食品桂芍舒逸口服液的工艺优选与质量标准建立

目的 对桂芍舒逸口服液制作工艺进行优选, 并建立质量控制方法。方法 以芍药苷为测定指标, 利用正交试验优选出最佳制备工艺; 采用薄层色谱法对黄芪、白芍、炙甘草进行鉴别研究; 采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定芍药苷的含量。结果 最佳工艺为8倍量水煎煮3次, 每次1 h, 滤液8000 r/min, 离心20 min, 上清液加入饴糖、苯甲酸钠; 黄芪、白芍、炙甘草薄层定性鉴别。该方法斑点清晰、阴性无干扰、专属性好, 含量测定方法学验证良好, 测得芍药苷含量在190 mg/100 mL以上。结论 优化的提取工艺稳定可行, 建立的质量标准能够控制桂芍舒逸口服液质量, 保证其产品品质。     

Light-modulated ferromagnetism of strained NiFe2O4 nanocrystals

Light provides a potential approach to modulate magnetism due to the low energy consumption, which could be used for the development of optical-magnetic coupling devices, data storage technology and quantum computation technology. In this work, NiFe₂O₄ nanocrystals with inverse spinel structure confined in non-magnetic Al₂O₃ film are synthesized. Based on theoretical calculation and experimental validation, it is revealed that the NiFe₂O₄ nanocrystals experience compressive strain from Al₂O₃ film. The compressive strain can be partially relaxed, leading to the formation of disorder layers at the surfaces of strained NiFe₂O₄ nanocrystals, which provide an ideal platform to modulate magnetism optically. A remarkable light-modulated ferromagnetism in the strained NiFe₂O₄ nanocrystals is observed. This work demonstrates a novel approach to optically engineer the ferromagnetic properties for applications in next generation of magnetic nano-devices.     

Nutrient composition and food potential of Parkia roxburghii,a less known tree legume from northeast India

The nutrient compositions of Parkia roxburghii kernels and pods (i.e. tender, immature and mature) were determined. Protein content of the kernel was 29% and that of pods 13–19%. Similarly, fat content was highest (34%) in the kernel and ranged from 1–16% in the pods. Unsaturated acids Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids made up 63–68% of the total fat in the pods as well as the kernels. The total essential amino acids amounted to 33%, 36% and 39% in the tender, immature, mature pods, respectively, and 42% in the kernels. The essential amino acid pattern of the kernel was comparable to the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) amino acid requirement for preschoolers. However, the amino acid scores of the tender, immature and mature pods were 64, 84 and 92, respectively, with sulphur amino acids as the limiting amino acids in all the pod samples.     

一种辅助降脂保健食品功能性及机制研究

探讨以罗布麻叶、山楂、决明子为主要成分的保健食品在辅助降脂方面的作用及机制。将罗布麻叶、山楂、决明子提取物进行工艺优化,制成罗布麻叶降脂胶囊,根据保健食品的评定办法,复制大鼠混合型高脂血症模型,观察混合型高脂血症大鼠体重、肝重变化及在30 d和45 d其血清中血脂变化情况;同时,利用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)手段,检测组织内含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Caspase),包括了Caspase-9、Caspase-3、Cleave Caspase-3蛋白表达量。结果表明:经工艺优化后,浓缩后制备稠膏重49 g,加入12.6 g的糊精,干燥粉碎后重43.8 g,水分为3.04%,制成罗布麻叶降脂胶囊;罗布麻叶降脂胶囊可改善高脂血症引起的大鼠体重、肝重系数、血脂指标及组织形态异常。同时,罗布麻叶降脂胶囊可能通过调节Caspase家族蛋白表达水平,发挥改善混合型高脂血症作用。     

刺五加化学成分药动学特性及其体内代谢过程研究进展

刺五加作为吉林省大宗药材之一,具有益气健脾,补肾安神的功效,临床上有显著的抗疲劳作用。刺五加主要化学成分为苷类、黄酮类、香豆素类、多糖类、木脂素类等。刺五加化学成分的多样性,决定了其药动学的复杂性。通过对国内外大量文献的分析、归纳和整理,本文总结了刺五加化学成分的药动学特征及其在体内吸收、分布、代谢(肠道菌群代谢、肝脏代谢、体内代谢)情况,对刺五加化学成分的体内代谢过程进行深入挖掘与探索,为刺五加生物活性物质的开发和利用提供了参考。     

Grüneisen parameters of a hexagonal close-packed lattice

A program has been developed to study the effect of central forces on the Grüneisen parameters of a hexagonal close-packed lattice. Calculations are presented for the normal modes, the contributions to the Grüneisen parameters, polarization vectors and the two independent effective Grüneisen parameters, γ′ and γ″, for this lattice as a function of T/θ_D.