Analysis on the spatial ecological distribution model of landscape plant community

Because the spatial pattern of plant communities in garden landscapes usually exhibits highly non-random distribution characteristics, the accuracy of the analysis results is not high. For this purpose, a spatial ecological distribution model of landscape landform plant communities is designed. Based on the remote sensing images of landscape plant communities, the study area was obtained. The grassland communities in this area were classified and calculated by geostatistics, and the semi variogram values of typical samples of different vegetation types were obtained. According to the calculation results, the spatial terrain factors of landscape plant community are extracted, and the annual NDVI value is taken as the ecological vitality index of landscape green vegetation, the NDVI level is divided, the spatial ecological distribution model of landscape plant community is constructed, and the evaluation index system is generated, so as to complete the spatial ecological distribution model analysis of landscape plant community. The results show that the method of this study accurately analyzes the area of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, mountain meadow, road, construction land, water area land and slope grade, which is slightly different from the actual value, indicating that the method has certain reliability.     

黄腐酸结构、构象和聚集过程的分子模拟研究

自然界中广泛存在着的腐植物质(HS)有多种化学反应能力,诸如矿物质的风化、养分的生物有效利用和污染物的迁移等相关的生物地球化学反应能力。腐植物质的反应性取决于其官能团的化学特性与微观结构,同时又受到周围环境及介质组分的影响。为了更好地了解腐植物质在水、土壤中的结构、构象以及聚集过程,文中描述了以伯明翰东北部庙宇(TNB)的样本,按离子或非离子的黄腐酸分子结构建模研究的过程。该理论研究结果和黄腐酸的溶解度(偶极矩)、电子和振动光谱等一些实验研究的结果能很好的吻合。其中水分子的存在对静电有很大的稳定作用,并且随着离子化程度的增加,这种作用变得更强。在真空中,由于氢键和非键力相互作用增加,未离子化的聚集体比单体更稳定。因此,随着黄腐酸分子的离子化,聚集作用将不再发生。在溶液中,黄腐酸的浓度是聚集的关键因素。若当量浓度太低,含有两个黄腐酸的系统就不可能发生聚集,但是随着当量浓度的提高,系统中聚集体的数量也将上升,情况就发生改变。离子态是聚集的另一个关键因素。离子态的黄腐酸分子有着更高的负电荷,而这会增强能量势垒,阻碍由布朗运动引起的黄腐酸分子的相互接近。     

乙酰胆碱M3受体拮抗剂的从头设计

M3受体是人体内分布广泛的一种重要的毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体亚型,与膀胱过度活动症、心律失常、呼吸道及支气管疾病密切相关.设计与合成M3受体拮抗剂对于开发治疗相关疾病的药物具有重要理论意义和应用价值。本文采用同源模建方法,构建了人M3受体蛋白的三维结构,基于M3受体拮抗剂的结构构建了其药效团模型,其中较理想的模型含有6个药效团特征元素。利用药效团模型进行了虚拟筛选,虚拟筛选的数据库是本实验室构建的虚拟化合物库,发现了10个新型的对M3受体有拮抗作用的化合物。最后对这10个化合物进行了分子对接,根据对接结果,发现3个化合物对接能量及结合方式比较合理,为M3受体拮抗剂的合成研究及活性测定奠定了基础。     

Computational investigation of interactions between human H2 receptor and its agonists

Type 2 histamine receptor (H(2)R) is widely distributed in the body. Its main function is modulating the secretion of gastric acid. Most gastric acid-related diseases are closely associated with it. In this study, a combination of pharmacophore modeling, homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods were performed on human H(2)R and its agonists to investigate interaction details between them. At first, a pharmacophore model of H(2)R agonists was developed, which was then validated by QSAR and database searching. Afterwards, a model of the H(2)R was built utilizing homology modeling method. Then, a reference agonist was docked into the receptor model by induced fit docking. The 'induced' model can dramatically improve the recovery ratio from 46.8% to 69.5% among top 10% of the ranked database in the simulated virtual screening. The pharmocophore model and the receptor model matched very well each other, which provided valuable information for future studies. Asp98, Asp186 and Tyr190 played key roles in the binding of H(2)R agonists, and direct interactions were observed between the three residues and agonists. Residue Tyr250 could also form a hydrogen bond with H(2)R agonists. These findings would be very useful for the discovery of novel and potent H(2)R agonists.     

Reaction mechanism and free energy profile for acylation of Candida Antarctica lipase B with methylcaprylate and acetylcholine: Density functional theory calculations

Candida Antarctica lipase B (CALB), a specific enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of esters, can be a good candidate for acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis instead of acetylcholinesterase. The catalytic mechanism of the CALB acylation, as the first stage in the hydrolysis reaction, with ACh and methylcaprylate (MEC) has been examined by using density functional theory technique. The significant emphasis of this article is on the free energy barriers for the acylation step of hydrolysis reactions. Computed free energy barriers of the first step are 9.2 and 15.9 kcal mol⁻¹, but for the second step are 7.9 and 11.6 kcal mol⁻¹ for MEC and ACh respectively. Activation free energies are in the comparable and acceptable range and imply both of two reactions are theoretically possible. The stability role of the adjacent amino acids was examined by using two applied tools. It is exposed that the oxyanion hole residues decrease energy barriers by stabilizing the transition state structures.     

Efficient hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane hydrolysis with Rh decorated on phosphorus-doped carbon

Development of supported ligand-free ultrafine Rh nanocatalysts for efficient catalytic hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane (AB) is of importance but remains a tremendous challenge. Here, ultrafine and ligand-free Rh nanoparticles (NPs) (2.19 nm in diameter) were in-situ decorated on porous phosphorus-functionalized carbon (PPC) prepared by pyrolyzing hyper-cross-linked networks of triphenylphosphine and benzene. The resultant Rh/PPC showed excellent hydrogen production activity from AB hydrolysis (Turnover frequency: 806 min⁻¹). Kinetic investigations indicated that AB hydrolysis using Rh/PPC exhibited first-order and zero-order reactions with Rh and AB concentrations, respectively. Activation energy (E_a) toward hydrogen generation from AB with Rh/PPC is as low as 22.7 kJ/mol. The Rh/PPC catalyst was recyclable and reusable for at least four times. The oxygen- and phosphorus-functional groups are beneficial for the affinity of Rh complex on the PPC surface, resulting in ultrafine and ligand-free Rh NPs with high dispersity and ability to supply abundant surface accessibility to catalytically active sites for AB hydrolysis. This study proposes a feasible approach for the synthesis of ultrafine and ligand-free metal NPs supported on heteroatom-doped carbon by using hyper-cross-linked networks.     

Enhanced bioactivity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium fermented extract: Anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial,and anti-melanogenic activity

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Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory activity of peptides from bovine and caprine milk casein by in silico and in vitro analyses

The different potential for release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV)-inhibitory peptides from bovine and caprine milk casein was assessed by in silico analysis and in vitro proteolytic assays. The former predicted a weakly higher potency for caprine casein than bovine as a precursor of DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides, although with markedly diverse potential for individual caseins. This was verified by protease hydrolysis; trypsin-treated casein hydrolysates (TCAHs) displayed the strongest bioactivity. Fractionation of caprine TCAHs revealed slightly, but significantly, higher inhibitory activity in peptides <5 kDa, and notably greater efficiency in the >5 kDa fraction, than their bovine counterparts. Through in silico trypsin hydrolysis and peptides synthesis, four novel caprine casein-derived DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides, including GPFPILV and HPINHR (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 163.7 ± 1.33 and 452.2 ± 7.15 μm, respectively), were found. This study corroborates the weak superiority of caprine casein over bovine in release of DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides, and identifies several novel caprine casein-derived DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides.