含Gd环境友好型射线柔性综合屏蔽体研究

针对核辐射 n-γ 混合场,研制了一种以 Gd 为核心屏蔽粒子, SEBS 为基体的环境友好型射线柔性综合屏蔽体,该材料具有绿色环保、生产节能、综合防护、柔性可塑、可回收使用等特点。扫描电镜结果表明 Gd2O3 粉末呈颗粒状均匀分布,在基体中有良好的分散性; X 射线衍射和红外光谱结果表明 Gd2O3 和基体本质上属于物理机械混合,不涉及化学键变化; γ 射线和热中子屏蔽性能验证表明,随着 Gd 面密度的提高, γ 射线和热中子透射率吸收遵从指数衰减规律;当 Gd 面密度为0.018 4 ~ 0.291 3 g/cm2时,材料在39 keV、59 keV和122 keV下 γ 射线透射率为83.73%~11.48%,75.43%~2.73%和93.03%~51.64%;当 Gd 面密度为0.018 9 ~ 0.070 9 g/cm2时,材料中子透射率为45.74%~35.78%。该柔性射线综合屏蔽体有效弥补了传统防护材料的弊端,在未来舰船生物屏蔽、核医学诊疗、安全检测等领域具有潜在应用价值。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测鱼中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鱼中孔雀石绿（malachite green,MG）、隐性孔雀石绿（leuco malachite green,LMG）、结晶紫（crystal violet,CV）、隐性结晶紫（leuco crystal violet,LCV）4 种物质残留。样品加入内标物D5-MG、D6-LMG、D5-CV、D6-LCV,经乙腈提取、离心、过中性氧化铝柱,氮气吹至近干,50%乙腈溶液定容,上机测定。MG和LMG线性范围为1～50 ng/mL,CV和LCV线性范围为1～100 ng/mL。4 种物质的检出限均为0.05 μg/kg,定量限均为0.15 μg/kg。在50、100、200 ng/mL 3 个添加水平下,回收率在87.80%～110.82%之间,相对标准偏差均小于等于4.32%（n=6）。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,可以同时测定鱼中MG、LMG、CV、LCV残留。     

汉莲牌红曲灵芝丹参胶囊的配方论证及标志性 成分和功能学研究

目的对汉莲牌红曲灵芝丹参胶囊配方进行论证并对其标志性成分和功能学进行研究。方法依据中医理论和现代健康理念,对其配方进行论证,按照国家标准要求和相关规定,对其标志性成分进行鉴定,同时通过动物和人体试食试验来评价其功效。结果本品组分经典、科学合理,有效成分清楚、含量较高,每100 g中含洛伐他丁550 mg和丹参酮ⅡA 306 mg;动物和人体试食试验证明,各项指标均高于实验对照组,且差异显著(P0.01或P0.05),具有较为显著的辅助降血脂功能。结论本品在预防和早期干预血脂异常及相关疾病方面具有显著的优势和较为广阔的市场前景。     

陕西省新鲜果蔬中砷污染状况调查及其暴露评估

目的了解陕西省新鲜水果和蔬菜中砷的污染状况及评价其对人体的潜在危害。方法 2012—2015年共采集1 270份新鲜蔬菜和363份新鲜水果并测定砷含量,分别从年份、类别和地区三方面进行统计分析,以食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)制定的砷暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)为标准对居民经食用果蔬所致砷的暴露量进行评估,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行评价。结果近4年来果蔬中的砷平均含量范围为0.013~0.036 mg/kg;8类蔬菜的砷含量相近,6类水果中瓜果类的砷含量较高,平均值为0.052mg/kg;陕西省宝鸡、延安和商洛地区果蔬砷含量较高。整体而言,陕西居民经食用果蔬所致砷平均暴露量低于JECFA制定砷的PTWI及其所引起的平均个人年风险值亦小于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1),但偏高暴露引起的健康风险不容忽视。结论陕西省部分果蔬样品存在砷污染情况,居民通过食用果蔬所致砷的暴露量在安全范围内,其所引起的健康风险有待进一步研究。     

Modeling and analysis of global epidemiology of avian influenza

The World Health Organization has activated a global preparedness plan to improve response to avian influenza outbreaks, control outbreaks, and avoid an H5N1 pandemic. The effectiveness of the plan will greatly benefit from identification of epicenters and temporal analysis of outbreaks. Accordingly, we have developed a simulation-based methodology to analyze the spread of H5N1 using stochastic interactions between waterfowl, poultry, and humans. We have incorporated our methodology into a user friendly, extensible software environment called SEARUMS. SEARUMS is an acronym for Studying the Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Rapidly Using Modeling and Simulation. It enables rapid scenario analysis to identify epicenters and timelines of H5N1 outbreaks using existing statistical data. The case studies conducted using SEARUMS have yielded results that coincide with several past outbreaks and provide non-intuitive inferences about global spread of H5N1. This article presents the methodology used for modeling the global epidemiology of avian influenza and discusses its impacts on human and poultry morbidity and mortality. The results obtained from the various case studies and scenario analyses conducted using SEARUMS along with verification experiments are also discussed. The experiments illustrate that SEARUMS has considerable potential to empower researchers, national organizations, and medical response teams with timely knowledge to combat the disease, mitigate its adverse effects, and avert a pandemic.