我国营养包生产企业检测能力和产品质量现状评估

目的对营养包生产企业实验室的检测能力进行考察并对产品质量进行评估。方法抽取国内6家主要生产企业产品,参照CNAS-GL 005技术要求,制备考核样并检验其均匀性。在6家企业实验室进行室间比对,检测指标维生素A、维生素D_3、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、钙、铁、锌分别参照国标方法GB 5009.82-2016、GB 5009.82-2016、GB 5009.84-2016、GB 5009.85-2016、GB 5009.92-2016、GB 5009.90-2016、GB 5009.14-2017。结果通过单因素方差分析判别,考核样混合均匀;依据考核样检测结果进行Z评分,参与评估的6家企业检测能力均为"满意";实际产品检测结果与GB 22570-2014相比,除了1号实验室的产品2的钙元素结果含量略高于标准上限,其他含量均在国标许可范围内。结论我国主要的营养包生产企业基本具备把控产品质量的检测能力,抽检产品必需成分的含量符合GB 22570-2014相关指标限定值。     

Retail electricity price savings from compliance flexibility in GHG standards for stationary sources

The EPA will issue rules regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing steam boilers and refineries in 2012. A crucial issue affecting the scope and cost of emissions reductions will be the potential introduction of flexibility in compliance, including averaging across groups of facilities. This research investigates the role of compliance flexibility for the most important of these source categories—existing coal-fired power plants—that currently account for one-third of national emissions of carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas. We find a flexible standard, calibrated to achieve the same emissions reductions as a traditional(inflexible) approach, reduces the increase in electricity price by 60 percent and overall costs by two-thirds in 2020. The flexible standard also leads to substantially more investment to improve the operating efficiency of existing facilities, whereas the traditional standard leads to substantially greater retirement of existing facilities.     

3种色谱柱对多种脂肪酸甲酯分离效果比对

对比3种色谱柱对多种脂肪酸甲酯混标的分离效果,为快速准确地测定脂肪酸提供参考。分别建立HP-88、SP-2560、DB-23色谱柱分离37种脂肪酸甲酯混标的方法,并以此方法对13种反式脂肪酸甲酯、4种亚油酸甲酯和8种亚麻酸甲酯同分异构体进行分析。结果表明：3种色谱柱分离37种脂肪酸甲酯所需的时间分别为47、35、25 min,色谱峰间的分离度均大于1.0;3种色谱柱均能将顺反异构的单不饱和脂肪酸甲酯和亚油酸甲酯同分异构体分离开,而对于亚麻酸甲酯同分异构体和双键在不同位置的异构体,HP-88分离效果优于SP-2560和DB-23,但均不满足单独定量的要求。在实际样品分析时,可根据样品中脂肪酸种类选择合适的色谱柱,避免样品色谱峰的重叠。     

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Cohort Study in China

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio may carry additional information and has been suggested as a better predictor for atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) than LDL-C and HDL-C alone. Therefore, we aim to explore the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and high carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) risk in a large Cohort in Beijing, China. This cohort study included 13,612 adults without high CIMT at first entry and who attended the baseline examination and at least one follow-up annual examination between 2009 and 2016. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and risk of high CIMT. During 37,912 person-years of follow-up, 1996 (1268 men and 728 women) developed high CIMT. Compared with the first quartile of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, the risk of high CIMT was significantly increased for the fourth quartile of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29–1.78). We observed a significant association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and high CIMT risk comparing LDL-C/HDL-C ratio >2.78 with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio ≤2.78 and significant dose–response relationship between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and risk of high CIMT. The restricted cubic spline showed a significant nonlinear association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and the risk of high CIMT (p_{non-linearity} = 0.009). We identify a significant association between LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and the risk of high CIMT in the Chinese Cohort study. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing LDL-C/HDL-C ratio treatment on the development of high CIMT.     

On the phase-object function,used in dynamical electron diffraction calculations

A systematic study is presented of methods employed to calculate a phase-object function which can be used in HRTEM image calculations (multislice and real space). The influence of errors introduced by the discrete sampling of the crystal potential and the electron beam wavefunction is examined. Several possible ways of suppressing these errors are quantitatively tested. Using an anti-aliased phase-object function in a dynamical calculation improves the accuracy considerably for a given number of calculation points. The calculation of an anti-aliased phase-object function is very time-consuming, which will become a problem when there is a structural variation in the direction of the electron beam, and the calculation has to be done for each slice. Two new methods are presented for calculating anti-aliased phase-object functions. One, which applies the anti-aliasing a priori to the individual atoms, is quite generally applicable but some accuracy is lost. The other, which applies anti-aliasing a priori to rectangular building blocks, is not so general in application but is very fast and accurate.     

计算机辅助营养调查面访系统的构建

目的：建立适用于营养调查的计算机辅助面访系统,提高营养调查的质量及效率。方法：计算机辅助面访系统的构建主要包括问卷生成子系统、现场调查（面访）子系统和后台管理子系统,并通过逻辑判断、痕迹记录、现场录音等方法进行问卷调查的质量控制和对调查员的监督,同时在系统中整合膳食营养数据库、膳食结构数据库等,给予受试者即时、直观、科学的膳食营养评价和建议,提高受试者的积极性。从问卷生成、现场面访调查到数据整理、统计分析实现全程电子化,减少手工操作的人为错误并提高效率。结果：成功构建了适用于营养调查的计算机辅助面访系统,并有待于在大样本人群营养调查中进一步验证。