Synergism in novel silver-copper/hydroxyapatite composites for increased antibacterial activity and biocompatibility

This study develops a novel silver-copper/hydroxyapatite composite (Ag–Cu/HA) with high biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Two different materials were synthesized, namely silver-hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) and copper-hydroxyapatite (Cu-HA) composites, with 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% (mol) of each metal. These materials were mixed in a planetary mill to obtain the Ag–Cu/HA composites. The results of our characterization demonstrated the low cytotoxicity and hemolytic response. The composite showed higher percent-inhibition for bacterial growth compared to those in separated composites of silver or copper with hydroxyapatite. Hence, these new materials promise higher efficacy as antibacterial hydroxyapatites.     

Region based foreground segmentation combining color and depth sensors via logarithmic opinion pool decision

In this paper we present a novel foreground segmentation system that combines color and depth sensors information to perform a more complete Bayesian segmentation between foreground and background classes. The system shows a combination of spatial-color and spatial-depth region-based models for the foreground as well as color and depth pixel-wise models for the background in a Logarithmic Opinion Pool decision framework used to correctly combine the likelihoods of each model. A posterior enhancement step based on a trimap analysis is also proposed in order to correct the precision errors that the depth sensor introduces. The results presented in this paper show that our system is robust in front of color and depth camouflage problems between the foreground object and the background, and also improves the segmentation in the area of the objects’ contours by reducing the false positive detections that appear due to the lack of precision of the depth sensors.     

不同喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性影响的研究进展

近些年的研究发现婴幼儿肠道菌群与众多机体的病理相关,其肠道内栖息着数量巨大的微生物,其中占据主导地位的是细菌,其在维持内环境稳态、调节能量代谢等方面发挥着复杂的作用,因此,婴幼儿肠道微生态的合理建立尤为重要。影响婴幼儿肠道菌群的因素有很多,其中喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群结构有明显的影响。关于喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性影响的研究甚少,故本文结合近些年国内外关于喂养方式与婴幼儿肠道菌群的研究,综述了婴幼儿肠道菌群的建立与演替,以及婴幼儿肠道菌群的生理功能,同时,讨论了不同喂养方式(母乳喂养、配方奶粉喂养、混合喂养)下婴幼儿肠道微生态的差异,以期为研发适用于婴幼儿喂养方式的研究中提供一定的理论指导依据。     

肠道菌群与婴幼儿食物过敏相关性的研究进展

随着婴幼儿食物过敏的发病率逐年上升,食物过敏逐渐成为了全球性公共卫生问题。大量研究表明人体内肠道菌群与食物过敏有着密切的关系,在受到外界因素的干扰后,肠道菌群多样性和数量发生改变,进而引发机体对某些正常抗原的免疫耐受度降低,导致过敏反应。本文介绍了食物过敏婴幼儿和健康婴幼儿肠道菌群的差别,对肠道菌群在食物过敏中的调节机制(影响肠道细胞功能和调节屏障保护特性、产生信号分子进行免疫调控以及促进和维护机体口服耐受)进行综述,并对肠道菌群调节婴幼儿食物过敏的策略进行展望。     

基于Hadoop的分布式财务异常数据分析系统设计

传统的异常数据监测算法依靠单台计算机对异常数据进行识别,识别速度慢,且无法满足对数据处理的精确性要求。针对上述问题,文中构建了Hadoop分布式财务异常数据分析模型。该模型采用Hadoop中的MapReduce框架作为并行计算框架,同时在数据异常检测算法方面引入了邻域关系的LOF算法,有效避免了数据集元素边缘可能会出现误判的情况。数值实验结果表明,文中所提算法的准确率相比其他3种同类算法提升了5%以上,且算法的总运行时间也明显缩短。由此可见,文中所提模型可快速、准确地检测出财务异常数据,保障医疗系统的平稳运行。     

早期肠内营养联合肠外营养对食管癌患者术后营养状况及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨肠内营养联合肠外营养对食管癌术后患者免疫功能、营养状况的影响,并观察其对临床结局和生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年5月—2018年3月就诊于我院确诊为食管癌行食管癌根治术的患者106例,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组患者53例,对照组患者术后行单纯肠外营养(TPN组)7d,观察组患者术后行肠内营养联合肠外营养(EEN+PN组)7d,对两组患者行营养支持期间的免疫学指标[淋巴细胞计数(LYM)、免疫球蛋白A(lgA)、免疫球蛋白M(lgM)、免疫球蛋白G(lgG)]、营养指标(白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白)、住院情况(肛门排气时间、排便时间、术后住院时间以及住院费用)以及并发症等情况进行比较。结果:(1)两组患者营养治疗后免疫学指标(LYM、lgA、lgA及lgG)较前均有所改善,且试验组改善程度显著高于对照组;(2)两组患者营养治疗后其营养学指标(白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白)较前均有所提高,试验组患者营养学指标显著高于对照组;(3)试验组患者首次肛门排气时间、排便时间、术后住院时间较对照组明显缩短,试验组患者住院费用显著低于对照组;(4)两组患者营养支持期间并发症发生率之间差异不显著。结论:早期肠内营养联合肠外营养能够提高患者围术期的免疫功能,改善术后营养状况,促进疾病的康复,提高患者的生活质量。     

维生素D与儿童鼻炎发生风险的相关性研究进展

近年来, 随着生产生活环境的改变, 我国儿童鼻炎尤其是慢性鼻炎发病率明显上升, 国内外学者对此给予极大的关注, 逐步对其发病机制、病理特点、防治等进行了深入研究。随着营养学的发展, 维生素D在预防或辅助治疗变应性疾病方面研究备受关注。本文首先简单介绍儿童鼻炎分类、病因及维生素D的功效价值, 最后根据现有文献着重分析维生素D含量与儿童鼻炎的相关性研究, 在一定程度上将从身体营养方面进一步探讨儿童鼻炎治疗预防, 以期为儿童鼻炎治疗提供新思路。     

Quantisation and data quality: Implications for system identification

In the pursuit of online, data-driven process control, there is a need to determine the quality of the data being processed before actually using it. One area that needs to be considered is data quantisation. Although in many applications it has been assumed that the impact of quantisation is to solely increase the variance of the signal, in certain cases this may not hold. This is especially the case when dealing with signals from poorly quantised sources, such as temperature sensors. In this case, the effect of quantisation cannot be solely considered by the impact of the increase in the variance. Therefore, this paper will examine the effects of small scale quantisation with the view of determining an appropriate metric for measuring the effect on data quality of quantisation. It will be shown that if the ratio of the unquantised signal variance and the distance between quantisation step sizes are below a given threshold, then the identification of the process parameters will be problematic. Detailed numerical simulations as well as an example drawn from a real system are presented to validate the proposed metrics and approach.