Li and Ta-modified KNN piezoceramic fibers for vibrational energy harvesters

Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) hold enormous potential for converting mechanical energy from our surrounding environment into electrical energy that can be used for powering portable electronics. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is one of the promising alternatives to replace lead-based piezoelectric materials. This work presents a cutting-edge demonstration of synthesis-function-device integration of piezoelectric nanofibers, where the morphology and the composition are engineered towards achieving high device output. We report a flexible nanogenerator based on electrospun Li and Ta-modified lead-free KNN nanofibers yielding a high voltage output of 5.6 V, which is around 9-fold higher than for the Mn-doped KNN nanofibers reported previously. The influence of Li and Ta-incorporation into the KNN lattice on the electromechanical coupling and the effect of a nanofiber morphology are investigated. The net-shaped KNN and Li and Ta-modified KNN nanofibers, synthesized by electrospinning of appropriate sols, maintain their structural integrity upon calcination and firing steps. The phase analysis (XRD) confirms the formation of single-phase (KNN) material. Li and Ta are found to be incorporated on the A and B-sites of the perovskite lattice, respectively. Piezo force microscopy data show the heat-treated nanofibers to exhibit multi-domain ferroelectric properties.     

Ultra-Wideband Electrostrictive Mechanical Antenna

Mechanical antennas based on piezoelectric materials can effectively reduce the size of long wave antennas down to 1/1000 of the wavelength (from km scale to mm level). However, the narrow bandwidth and weak field intensity seriously restrict its practical applications in transmission distance and channel capacity. Here, a mechanical antenna-based electrostrictive effect of relaxor ferroelectric ceramic (PMN-PT) is proposed to improve radiation capacity and achieve ultra-wideband characteristics (10 kHz–1 MHz). Due to the ultra-high dielectric constant at working temperature and the relationship between the strain and applied field intensity, the proposed antenna gets rid of the dependence on the poled materials and exhibits excellent communication properties beyond traditional mechanical antennas, which are experimentally demonstrated by a practical wireless communication system. Only using a single proposed mechanical antenna with 8 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness, the effective communication with a transmission distance of 200 m can be realized. This design offers a promising way of constructing mechanical antennas for long-wave communication.     

微晶化加工含钾页岩的实验研究

采用自行研制的设备WJH-1微晶化加工含钾页岩,对产品进行分时段采样,运用激光粒度分析仪、比表面积仪、SEM和XRD对其粒度分布、比表面积、形貌、成分和晶体结构进行了表征,利用等球直径分析了物料d50,d97等粒度分布的变化及图表法分析比表面积和晶格参数的变化.结果表明:d50,d97随时间呈指数下降,在前1.5h减小幅度最大,d50下降幅度达到80.07%,d97下降幅度为79.68%;比表面积先增加后降低,然后又缓慢增加;选用四次多项式对比表面积与能耗的关系进行拟合,拟合效果良好;矿物晶体发生晶格畸变,结晶度降低,加工过程具有微晶化效果.     

制革园区污水处理厂调试运行分析

采用水解酸化+CASS工艺处理制革园区工业废水。调试运行结果表明,在进水COD和氨氮平均质量浓度分别为607、50.7 mg.L-1时,出水COD和氨氮平均浓度分别为70、5 mg.L-1,平均去除率分别达88.5%和90.1%。出水水质达到污水综合排放一级标准(GB8 978-1996)。     

浙江地区地源热泵系统适应性研究和设计方法

目前,地源热泵技术作为一项可再生能源技术在浙江地区大力推进。从实际应用看,该技术在适用的建筑类型和设计方面尚存在诸多误区。结合笔者对地源热泵系统多年的设计经验,研究分析了浙江地区地源热泵系统在不同建筑类型中的适应性,并提出了相应的设计方法,可为夏热冬冷地区合理应用地源热泵技术提供参考。     

Carbon footprint evaluation at industrial park level: A hybrid life cycle assessment approach

Industrial parks have become the effective strategies for government to promote sustainable economic development due to the following advantages: shared infrastructure and concentrated industrial activities within planned areas. However, due to intensive energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels, industrial parks have become the main areas for greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is critical to quantify their carbon footprints so that appropriate emission reduction policies can be raised. The objective of this paper is to seek an appropriate method on evaluating the carbon footprint of one industrial park. The tiered hybrid LCA method was selected due to its advantages over other methods. Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone (SETDZ), a typical comprehensive industrial park in China, was chosen as a case study park. The results show that the total life cycle carbon footprint of SETDZ was 15.29 Mt, including 6.81 Mt onsite (direct) carbon footprint, 8.47 Mt upstream carbon footprint, and only 3201 t downstream carbon footprint. Analysis from industrial sector perspectives shows that chemical industry and manufacture of general purpose machinery and special purposes machinery sector were the two largest sectors for life cycle carbon footprint. Such a sector analysis may be useful for investigation of appropriate emission reduction policies.     

低温等离子体用于柴油机尾气脱硝的实验

柴油机作为卡车、重型机械以及船舶的主动力装置仍被广泛采用,其尾气中氮氧化物的脱除技术也是目前的研究热点。本文搭建了模拟柴油机尾气的配气系统,采用介质阻挡放电产生低温等离子体（non-thermal plasma,NTP）的方法对模拟柴油机尾气进行了脱硝的实验研究。实验结果表明：针对本系统,电源效率和能量密度随着输入电压的增大而升高,当输入电压高于60V时,电源效率在90%以上;在O₂/N₂条件下,随着O₂浓度以及能量密度的增加,NO生成量逐渐增加,NO₂生成量先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;在NO/N₂条件下,低温等离子体对NO的脱除率接近100%;在NO/O₂/N₂条件下,随着NO浓度的增加,临界O₂浓度升高,O₂体积分数为1%时脱硝效率在90%以上,O₂体积分数高于14%时低温等离子体的脱硝率为负值,且随着能量密度的增加,生成的NO _x 浓度也更高,O₂浓度对低温等离子体的脱硝性能起决定性作用;在低能量密度时,加入NH₃会提高脱硝性能,高能量密度时NH₃会略微降低NTP的脱硝性能,当加入H₂O模拟真实柴油机尾气成分且喷氨时,获得的脱硝率最高为40.6%。     

基于蛋白损伤污染物毒性评价的luxCDABE生物发光载体的构建

目的构建含完整lux CDABE基因盒的PUCD-dna K重组发光载体,用于对蛋白损伤污染进行毒性评价。方法用PCR法从大肠杆菌W3110中扩增dna K基因,将PCR产物测序后与Gen Bank中dna K序列进行BLAST比对。将dna K片段及PUCD615载体均用Bam H I、Eco R I双酶切,连接后电转化导入宿主菌JM109。挑取克隆,提取质粒用PCR鉴定,阳性克隆再进行测序。结果 dna K基因PCR扩增产物得到206 bp片段,PCR产物测序后BLAST比对同源性为100%,表明扩增序列正确。PUCD-dna K测序结果表明序列含有dna K基因及PUCD615载体上的基因,且与载体连接处正确地出现对应的酶切位点。结论 PUCD-dna K载体构建成功。含lux CDABE全基因盒作为报告基因的载体PUCD615可克服lux AB必须外加底物(脂肪醛)才能实现生物发光的缺点,通过优化连接及转化条件,可将大片段的PUCD615载体与短片段的插入序列连接成功,构成重组载体。     

浅析价值工程在环保项目设计阶段成本控制中的应用

当前国内环保项目的成本管理力度不足,有经验的项目管理人才紧缺,提高成本管理的意识与技能就显得迫切与必要。本文运用价值工程的基本理论与方法,对总承包环保项目的设计阶段成本控制进行研究,提出价值工程在环保项目设计阶段的项目成本控制中的通用模式。     

用于农残快速检测的离心式微流控芯片研制

基于酶抑制原理结合光度分析方法,研制一种预存储生化试剂的离心式微流控芯片。设计制作的一次性微流控CD芯片集成进样、酶抑制反应、显色反应及检测单元,结合自行研制的便携式分析装置,可以同时检测12个样品,能够实现对大批量农产品中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留进行现场、快速、高通量检测。结果表明:与传统农残快速测定仪比较,微流控芯片农残速测系统操作单元集成度高,可以实现农残检测流程的自动化,样品及试剂消耗量降至传统速测方法的约1/20,同时检测灵敏度、重复性和准确性整体优于传统农残快速测定仪,可以满足基层非专业人员针对大批量样品农药残留的筛查需求。