Systematic Review: Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biomaterials as New Regenerative Strategies in Chronic Skin Wounds and Soft Tissue Defects

The number of clinical trials evaluating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and biomaterials efficacy in regenerative plastic surgery has exponentially increased during the last ten years. AD-MSCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. AD-MSCs have been used in the treatment of soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, employed in conjunction with a fat grafting technique or with dermal substitute scaffolds and platelet-rich plasma. In this systematic review, an overview of the current knowledge on this topic has been provided, based on existing studies and the authors’ experience. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases has been performed to identify papers on AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials used in soft tissue defects and chronic wounds. Of the 2136 articles initially identified, 422 articles focusing on regenerative strategies in wound healing were selected and, consequently, only 278 articles apparently related to AD-MSC, PRP, and biomaterials were initially assessed for eligibility. Of these, 85 articles were excluded as pre-clinical, experimental, and in vitro studies. For the above-mentioned reasons, 193 articles were selected; of this amount, 121 letters, expert opinions, commentary, and editorials were removed. The remaining 72 articles, strictly regarding the use of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials in chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects, were analyzed. The studies included had to match predetermined criteria according to the patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) approach. The information analyzed highlights the safety and efficacy of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials on soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, without major side effects.     

Platelet-Rich Plasma Promotes the Proliferation of Human Keratinocytes via a Progression of the Cell Cycle. A Role of Prolidase

Although the role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in tissue regeneration has been confirmed in many studies, the mechanism of this process is still not fully understood. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were used as an experimental model for studies on the effects of PRP on cell proliferation, migration, collagen biosynthesis, prolidase activity, and its expression and anabolic signaling. The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), β₁-integrin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) by PRP were investigated by western blot and immunocytochemistry. It has been found that PRP induced keratinocytes migration and proliferation through activation of cell cycle progression and EGFR downstream signaling. Similar biological effects were achieved by an addition to the culture medium of prolidase (PEPD), a ligand of EGFR (PRP is a rich source of PEPD–2 ng/mL). PRP-dependent stimulation of collagen biosynthesis was accompanied by an increase in the expression of NF-κβ, IGF-1R-downstream signaling proteins, and PEPD activity. The data suggest that PRP activates a complex of growth factors and adhesion receptors that stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and collagen biosynthesis. PRP induces PEPD-dependent human keratinocyte proliferation through activation of the EGFR receptor. Our study provides a novel mechanism of PRP-dependent wound healing.     

b型流感嗜血杆菌多糖结合疫苗的研制

［摘 要］目的 研制b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）结合疫苗并考察其稳定性。方法 用溴化氰活化提纯Hib荚膜多糖抗原，通过己二酰肼（ADH）与破伤风类毒素（TT）蛋白共价结合，制备b型流感嗜血杆菌结合物，并考察放置在2～8℃及室温9个月和37℃　3个月后的稳定性。结果 用本工艺提取的多糖，合成的多糖衍生物，多糖蛋白结合物的化学组成及结构特性均达到了国外同类产品的质控要求。结合物在2～8℃及室温放置9个月后基本无降解。结论 为临床评价Hib结合疫苗的安全性和保护效果及确定效期提供了实验基础。     

精确一维搜索下几种共轭梯度法的分析比较

共轭梯度法是求解无约束非线性规划问题的一种重要方法．针对的几种计算公式。通过几个典型计算实例,对精确一维搜索下所述几种熊的几种计算公式所决定的算法的收敛效果进行比较,分析了它们的数值计算过程、收敛速度及全局收敛性的优劣．     

基于ANN的油水分离双级水力旋流器的结构性能研究

根据河南油田目前存在的情况,开发了一种井下油水分离系统的双级水力旋流样机.利用人工神经网络(Artificial NeuralNetworks,ANN)建立起井下双级水力旋流器的数学模型,通过实验室内柴油以及河南油田实际油样测试,根据前后的分析比较来评估该人工神经网络模型的可靠性和有效性.经过最终实验分析,在并下可以实现两级串联油水分离,当流量控制在6m3/h以上,同时入口油滴粒径大于80μm时,分离器的分离效率最好,可以达到99.5％以上.室内实验分离后水中含油浓度小于50PPm,现场试验小于200PPm,远低于国外室内试验的400PPm指标,测量数据可靠,为其应用于实际生产提供了理论分析基础.     

A nuclear-encoded intein in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.

We have used comparative sequence analysis to identify an intein-like sequence (protein splicing element) present in Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen of humans. The sequence encoding this element is present in the C. neoformans PRP8 gene, as an in-frame insertion relative to the PRP8 genes of other organisms. It contains sequences similar to those of the protein-splicing domains of two previously described yeast inteins (in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis), although it lacks any recognizable internal endonuclease domain. The Cryptococcus neoformans intein (Cne PRP8) is only the second to be found in a eukaryote nuclear genome; the previously described yeast inteins occur at the same site in the VMA gene homologues of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis. The host gene of the Cryptococcus intein, PRP8, encodes a highly conserved mRNA splicing protein found as part of the spliceosome. The Cne PRP8 intein may be a useful drug target in addressing the cryptococcal infections so prevalent in AIDS patients.     

PRP燃烧器技术应用效果

分析了PRP燃烧器技术工作原理,综述了PRP燃烧器的性能和优点。PRP燃烧器在太原发电厂的实际应用效果表明,此技术可以解决锅炉燃烧不佳的问题。     

XI. Yeast sequencing reports. The complete sequence of an 18,002 bp segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI contains the HBS1, MRP-L20 and PRP16 genes,and six new open reading frames

We report the sequence of an 18,002 bp DNA fragment from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI. This segment contains nine complete open reading frames (ORFs), YKR401 to YKR409, and part of another ORF, YKR400, covering altogether 87·2% of the entire sequence. One of them, YKR400, encodes an NAD-dependent 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. YKR404, YKR405 and YKR406 correspond to the previously characterized HBS1, MRP-L20 and PRP16 genes, coding for a translation elongation factor, a mitochondrial ribosomal protein and an ATP-binding protein, respectively. The putative product of YKR407 contains the zinc-binding region signature of neutral zinc metallopeptidases. The five other ORFs do not show significant homology to any known protein. The sequence data reported here have been assigned EMBL accession number Z27116.     

基于并行冗余协议的高可靠性过程总线通信研究

为确保采样测量值及跳闸命令在过程总线的无损传输,采用双网并行冗余协议(PRP)构建高可靠性过程总线通信系统。分析了基于PRP协议的变压器差动保护过程总线构架及其运行机制。给出了基于采样值报文传输率的网络链路故障定位时间计算方法。根据分布式继电保护功能特征,构建了4种典型保护结构及其可靠性框图,考虑到冗余系统的最小割集相容事件问题,采用最小割集直接不交化法计算量大,引入了简化最小割集补偿算法求解系统可靠度,分析、论证了基于PRP过程总线方案的高可靠性应用优势。     

基于EPON技术的智能变电站通信方案优化应用研究

分析了现有智能变电站通信网络存在的问题。基于智能变电站的网络通信发展需求,以以太无源光网络(Ethernet Passive Optical Network,EPON)技术为基础,研究高可靠性自适应网络技术(简称改进EPON技术)。改进EPON技术优化了传统EPON的通信业务及服务质量(Quality of Service,Qo S),利用变电站配置描述文件(SCD)改进网管功能,通过优化网络延时测量方案,实现延时精确控制及可追溯,同时引入并行冗余网络(PRP)技术,满足智能变电站对实时性、易用性和可靠性的需求。提出基于改进EPON技术的通信方案,通过仿真验证,证明该方案适用于智能变电站,并在具体工程中得到应用。