A data-driven digital-twin prognostics method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell remaining useful life prediction

Prognostics and health management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems have driven increasing research attention in recent years as the durability of PEMFC stack remains as a technical barrier for its large-scale commercialization. To monitor the health state during PEMFC operation, digital twin (DT), as a smart manufacturing technique, is applied in this paper to establish an ensemble remaining useful life prediction system. A data-driven DT is constructed to integrate the physical knowledge of the system and a deep transfer learning model based on stacked denoising autoencoder is used to update the DT with online measurement. A case study with experimental PEMFC degradation data is presented where the proposed data-driven DT prognostics method has applied and reached a high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the predicted results are proved to be less affected even with limited measurement data.     

Effect of sodium doping on graded Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

In the present work we have studied the effect of Na on the properties of graded Cu(In_1−xGa_x)Se₂ (CIGS) layer. Graded CIGS structures were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis at a substrate temperature of 350 °C on soda lime glass. Sodium chloride is used as a dopant along with metal (Cu/In/Ga) chlorides and n, n-dimethyl selenourea precursors. The addition of Na exhibited better crystallinity with chalcopyrite phase and an improvement in preferential orientation along the (112) plane. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (line/point mapping) revealed a graded nature of the film and percentage incorporation of Na (0.86 at%). Raman studies showed that the film without sodium doping consists of mixed phase of chalcopyrite and CuAu ordering. Influence of sodium showed a remarkable decrease in electrical resistivity (0.49–0.087 Ω cm) as well as an increase in carrier concentration (3.0×10¹⁸–2.5×10¹⁹ cm⁻³) compared to the un-doped films. As carrier concentration increased after sodium doping, the band gap shifted from 1.32 eV to 1.20 eV. Activation energies for un-doped and Na doped films from modified Arrhenius plot were calculated to be 0.49 eV and 0.20 eV, respectively. Extremely short carrier lifetimes in the CIGS thin films were measured by a novel, non-destructive, noncontact method (transmission modulated photoconductive decay). Minority carrier lifetimes of graded CIGS layers without and with external Na doping are found to be 3.0 and 5.6 ns, respectively.     

无线传感器网络中移动sink节点的路径规划

在无线传感器网络中,大量感知数据汇集到sink节点的采集方法会导致sink节点附近的节点能量耗尽,造成能量空洞。针对该问题,利用移动的sink节点进行数据收集是一种解决方法,其中移动sink的路径规划成为一个重要的问题。提出了一个移动sink路径规划算法,将无线传感器中随机分布的节点划分为不同的子区域,寻找sink节点移动的最佳转向点,最终得到最优的移动路径,以实现无线传感器网络生命周期最大化。仿真实验表明,与现有方案相比,该算法能显著延长网络的生命周期。     

Theoretical kinetic study of the reaction between dimethyl disulfide and OH radicals

The potential energy profile of the reaction between dimethyl disulfide and OH^? radicals is explored by utilizing ab initio and hybrid meta density functional theory methods. Having the energies and structural data of the stationary points, statistical rate theories, such as transition state theory and variable reaction coordinate-transition state theory, are employed to compute the overall rate constants, and discuss the mechanism and product channels. On the basis of the calculations, the overall rate coefficient is predicted to be 2.49?×?10^?10?cm³?molecule^?1?s^?1 at 298?K. It is found that in the most favorable pathway, the reaction proceeds via formation of the relatively unstable intermediate CH₃S^?(OH)SCH₃ decomposing rapidly to yield CH₃S^?+CH₃SOH.     

阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的寿命及失效分析

介绍了各种影响阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池寿命及容量的因素,分析了其失效的原因,并相应的对电池的维护提出了一些建议。     

电磁发射兵器用电容器的选取

本文首先从理论上论述了膜电容器的储能密度与寿命之间的关系，对国际电容器制造水平和趋势进行了分析，提出采用干式金属化膜电容器作为储能元件。最后，根据电磁发射兵器整体寿命配合原则，提出高储能密度脉冲电容器的合理寿命指标。     

濮城油田多油层非均质油藏剩余油研究

濮城油田沙二下油藏纵向上有8个砂组37个小层,渗透率级差在5~30倍,是多油层非均质油藏,目前综合含水92·85%。为了做好高含水、高采出程度阶段的油藏调整,对此类油藏分层的剩余油分布规律进行定性描述和定量评价。根据剩余油研究及分布特点,进行了细分调整。调整实施后,采收率提高0·82%,产量保持3年稳定上升,平均由16·84×104t上升至18·41×104t,综合含水下降2·1个百分点,取得了明显的效果。     

胜坨油田浅水浊积相储集层流动单元研究

胜坨油田沙二段1砂层组2小层是浅水浊积相储集层，综合考虑岩性、物性、电性及非均质性和水淹特征，采用模糊聚类的方法将其分为4类流动单元。流动单元E以中砂岩为主，处在沉积旋回下部，分布于浊流中心相，基本没有无水开采期，高含水期含水上升减缓，非均质性弱，纵向剩余油分布差别小；流动单元G以细砂岩为主，处于沉积旋回中下部，分布于浊流中心相边部及边缘相内侧，非均质性最弱，水淹较均匀，高含水期仍有可观的可动剩余油；流动单元M以细砂岩、粉砂岩为主，处于沉积旋回中上部，分布于浊流边缘相的外侧，非均质性较强，是剩余油较富集的部位；流动单元P以夹泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩的细、粉砂岩为主，处于沉积旋回的顶部及底部，分布浊流相与湖相的交界部位，非均质性强，极容易形成剩余油，但剩余油总量不大且较难开发，经济价值不大。把流动单元研究与剩余油研究结合起来，可以为提高油气采收率提供可行的地质依据。     

江苏复杂小断块油藏老井侧钻实践与认识

利用停关、低效井实施老井侧钻,其条件包括油藏、井身及技术经济等3个方面。侧钻效益的好坏与油藏类型、侧钻目标有着很大关系,侧钻断块油层、挖掘构造高部位剩余油成功率高,边底水、高渗透油藏侧钻效果好。实践表明,老井侧钻是提高江苏复杂小断块油藏开发效果,降低投资、提高效益的一项重要手段。