关于新疆热电厂职业危害分析与讨论

对比不同热电厂企业工人接触职业危害因素情况,分析原因,为在建或已建热电厂提供职业危害因素预防措施,降低企业由于设计、施工或管理方面原因造成后期运行过程中职业危害接触超标情况的发生。根据我室历年对新疆地区热电厂职业危害因素检测结果与评价报告的比较,找出不同热电厂职业病危害因素的共性及异性,分析不同设备、工艺及管理方式不同所造成职业危害因素检测结果的差异及原因。建议优化厂区工艺及土建设计;优化设备选型及原料选择运用现代化的管理手段,加强职业卫生管理体系宣贯的有效运作。     

Dietary advanced glycation end‐products: Perspectives linking food processing with health implications

Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are complex and heterogeneous compounds derived from nonenzymatic glycation reactions during industrial processing and home cooking. There is mounting evidence showing that dAGEs are closely associated with various chronic diseases, where the absorbed dAGEs fuel the biological AGEs pool to exhibit noxious effects on human health. Currently, due to the uncertain bioavailability and rapid renal clearance of dAGEs, the relationship between dAGEs and biological AGEs remains debatable. In this review, we provide the most updated information on dAGEs including their generation in processed foods, analytical and characterization techniques, metabolic fates, interaction with AGE receptors, implications on human health and reducing strategies. Available evidence demonstrating a relevance between dAGEs and food allergy is also included. AGEs are ubiquitous in foods and their contents largely depend on the reactivity of carbonyl and amino groups, along with surrounding condition mainly pH and heating procedures. Once being digested and absorbed into the circulation, two separate pathways can be involved in the deleterious effects of dAGEs: an AGE receptor‐dependent way to stimulate cell signals, and an AGE receptor‐independent way to dysregulate proteins via forming complexes. Inhibition of AGEs formation during food processing and reduction in the diet are two potent approaches to restrict health‐hazardous dAGEs. To elucidate the biological role of dAGEs toward human health, the following significant perspectives are raised: molecular size and complexity of dAGEs; interactions between unabsorbed dAGEs and gut microbiota; and roles played by concomitant compounds in the heat‐processed foods.     

Impact sensitivities of energetic materials: Exploring the limitations of a model based only on structural formulas

Using a comprehensive set of drop weight impact test data (h₅₀) newly compiled from literature for 308 materials, a recent approach to predict impact sensitivities of nitro compounds is generalized to most explosive substances of interest. Compared to previous ones, this procedure is more thoroughly validated and exhibits a good predictive value. Furthermore, it yields new insight into the physical mechanisms involved, explaining for instance the unexpected desensitization of some oxygen-deficient triazoles upon nitration.     

一种改进的交错脉冲解速度模糊方法

研究了脉冲多普勒气象雷达中用于解速度模糊的交错脉冲方法，理论分析了时域脉冲对处理中速度估计公式的局限性，同时对该公式进行了修正。仿真结果表明，改进的交错脉冲方法具有更好的解速度模糊性能，而且易于实时处理。     

Occupational airway diseases in the metalworking industry Part 1: Respiratory infections, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Occupational airway diseases are now receiving attention in industry, although study is hampered by a lack of readily-available data. The interpretation of the data that is available, and also of the root problems themselves, is itself a difficult problem. This paper has been written as a literature review which it is hoped that other researchers can take either as a starting point or as a refresher.     

1999年三峡大坝混凝土温控防裂研究与实践

1999年，为三峡工程二期施工阶段由开挖为主转入混凝土浇筑高峰期的关键一年，面临混凝土浇筑强度高、进度紧、温控设计要求严、高温季节浇筑基础约束区混凝土和施工设备投产晚的严峻局面。长江委设计院对1999年高温季节浇筑大坝基础约束区混凝土进行了专题研究。通过对大坝温度应力仿真研究和夏季各种温控措施效果分析，提出了夏季浇筑基础约束区混凝土的综合温控防裂措施。通过三峡工程参建各方共同努力，全面实施综合温控防裂措施，达到了预期效果，避免了大坝基础约束区产生危害性贯穿裂缝，并为顺利完成混凝土年度计划和形象面貌创造了有利条件。     

Quality, Environmental, and Health and Safety Management Systems for Construction Engineering

The philosophy behind quality, environmental, and safety (QES) management systems is a concept that has been accepted by various contractors. Furthermore, a process has been developed insuring that the output produced conforms to customer satisfaction without violating any environmental, health, and safety rules and regulations. An effective QES program not only assures a quality product but also reduces costs, and enhances productivity. It is a top down process, i.e., top management together with line management and other employees develop the program and motivate all personnel to accept the process. Important functions to take under consideration are (1) explain and clarify the quality, environmental, and safety performance expected; (2) involve employees in decision-making and problem solving; (3) describe the consequences of poor quality and unsafe/unhealthy work conditions; (4) establish QES goals and provide feedback on performance; (5) provide a self-monitoring system; and (6) recognize and reinforce good performance and develop a reward system. This paper presents a discussion of the development of a portion of a QES management system which has been employed by a medium to large size construction company. In particular, Items 1–4, listed above, are described in detail.     

基于BA-WPHM的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法

为了提高滚动轴承剩余寿命预测的准确性,根据滚动轴承运行过程的两阶段性特点,提出了一种基于蝙蝠算法(BA)和威布尔比例风险模型(WPHM)的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法。首先,构建基于WPHM的剩余寿命预测模型;其次,提出了两阶段极大似然估计法,建立新的似然函数,并利用BA算法进行求解,以提高参数估计的准确性;最后,建立BA-WPHM模型对滚动轴承进行剩余寿命预测。案例分析表明,相比于Newton-Raphson算法、自组织分层猴群算法(SHMA)和独特的自适应粒子群算法(UAPSO),提出的方法参数估计的准确性更高,剩余寿命的预测精度优于支持向量回归(SVR)方法,验证了所提方法的有效性,为滚动轴承维修决策的可行性提供了依据。     

NPHMC: An R-package for estimating sample size of proportional hazards mixture cure model

Due to advances in medical research, more and more diseases can be cured nowadays, which largely increases the need for an easy-to-use software in calculating sample size of clinical trials with cure fractions. Current available sample size software, such as PROC POWER in SAS, Survival Analysis module in PASS, powerSurvEpi package in R are all based on the standard proportional hazards (PH) model which is not appropriate to design a clinical trial with cure fractions. Instead of the standard PH model, the PH mixture cure model is an important tool in handling the survival data with possible cure fractions. However, there are no tools available that can help design a trial with cure fractions. Therefore, we develop an R package NPHMC to determine the sample size needed for such study design.     

机载前视风切变检测气象雷达的研究进展

机载气象雷达是商业飞机强制安装的机载电子设备,可以称得上是“双眼 ”,它对于保障飞行安全具有举足轻重的作用。目前,机载气象雷达关键技术尚掌握在国外 生 产厂商手中。本文从机载气象雷达系统和机载气象雷达涉及的信号处理技术（包括降水目标 检测、湍流检测和低空风切变检测、地杂波抑制等）两个方面论述了机载气象雷达的发展历 程,指出了其中的关键技术和尚待解决的问题。最后,本文针对下一代具有增强型检测能力的 机载气象雷达系统及其相关技术进行了评述。