Interaction bounds in multivariable control systems

Time-domain limitations due to right half-plane zeros and poles in linear multivariable control systems are studied. Lower bounds on the interaction are derived. They show not only how the location of zeros and poles are critical in multivariable systems, but also how the zero and pole directions influence the performance. The results are illustrated on the quadruple-tank process, which is a new multivariable laboratory process.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF A WELDED DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Abstract— In response to the increasing structural applications in duplex steels for welded structures, fatigue behaviour of a SAF 2304 grade duplex stainless steel was investigated, considering both the base metal and GTAW welded joints. Fatigue curves and fatigue limits under rotary bending fatigue were obtained. The study focused attention on the microstructural features of fatigue crack propagation of the two series of experiments, thereby permitting an evaluation of the tortuous crack path of welded joints and the mechanisms related to threshold microstructural barriers.     

A parametric interpolator with confined chord errors, acceleration and deceleration for NC machining

Parametric interpolation has many advantages over linear interpolation in machining curves. Real time parametric interpolation research so far has addressed achieving a uniform feed rate, confined chord errors and jerk limited trajectory planning. However, simultaneous consideration of confined chord errors that respect the acceleration and deceleration capabilities of the machine has not been attempted. In this paper, the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners is proposed. The velocity profile in these zones is planned so that chord errors are satisfied while simultaneously accommodating the machine's acceleration and deceleration limits. Outside the zone of the feed rate sensitive corners, the feed rate is planned using the Taylor approximation. Simulation results indicate that the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners improves parametric interpolation. For real time interpolation, the parametric curve information can be augmented with the detected feed rate sensitive corners that are stored in 2×2 matrices.     

An improved bacterial foraging algorithm for combined static/dynamic environmental economic dispatch

Economic dispatch is carried out at the energy control center to find out the optimal output of thermal generating units such that power balance criterion is met, unit operating limits are satisfied and the fuel cost is minimized. With growing environmental awareness and strict government regulations throughout the world, it has become essential to optimize not only the total fuel cost but also the harmful emissions, both, under static as well as dynamic conditions. The static environment economic dispatch finds the optimal output of generating units for a fixed load demand at a given time, while the dynamic environmental economic dispatch schedules the output of online generators with changing power demands over a certain time period (normally one day) so as to minimize these two conflicting objectives, simultaneously. In this paper, the price penalty factor approach is employed for simultaneous minimization of cost and emission. The generator ramp rate constraints, non-convex and discontinuous nature of cost function and the large number of generators in practical power plants, make this problem very difficult to solve. Here, a fuzzy ranking approach is employed to identify the solution which offers the best compromise between cost and emission objectives.     

Combustion of a gasoline-hydrogen-air mixture in a reciprocating internal combustion engine cylinder and determining the optimum gasoline-hydrogen ratio

This paper reports results of an analysis of experimental data on the combustion of a gasoline-hydrogen-air mixture in a reciprocating internal combustion engine cylinder. The completeness of combustion of the mixture is shown to depend on the amount of hydrogen in the fuel mixture and the composition and physicochemical properties of the mixture. In particular, the conditions of addition of hydrogen to the gasoline-air mixture with active chemical action on the combustion process and the action of hydrogen as an additional fuel component are determined. A dimensionless universal relation is proposed that allows one to uniquely determine the initial composition of the fuel mixture (hydrogen to gasoline ratio) to accomplish combustion of the fuel mixture at the lean combustion limit. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 8–14, July–August, 2007.     

碱金属热管轴向传热极限的研究

通过钠热管测试过程中的实验现象，分析研究热管轴向传热率受粘性传热极限、声速传热极限、毛细力传热极限的限制。给出各种传热极限时的壁温分布曲线，并将实验的传热率值与理论值进行比较。最后对实验过程中未发现携带传热极限进行了详细的分析。     

批量准则下的控制图在完全检验中的最优设计

为了帮助企业提高产品质量,减少生产成本,对于对产品采用完全检验的企业,提出了在批量准则下,建立生产过程的期望质量损失成本最优模型,并进行了大量的数值实验,结果表明该准则下的期望质量损失成本总体上优于其他准则.     

Explosion limits for combustible gases

Combustible gases in coal mines are composed of methane, hydrogen, some multi-carbon alkane gases and other gases. Based on a numerical calculation, the explosion limits of combustible gases were studied, showing that these limits are related to the concentrations of different components in the mixture. With an increase of C4H10 and C6H14, the Lower ExplosionLimit (LEL) and Upper Explosion-Limit (UEL) of a combustible gas mixture will decrease clearly. For every 0.1% increase in C4H10 and C6H14, the LEL decreases by about 0.19% and the UEL by about 0.3%. The results also prove that, by increasing the amount of H2, the UEL of a combustible gas mixture will increase considerably. If the level of H2 increases by 0.1%, the UEL will increase by about 0.3%. However, H2 has only a small effect on the LEL of the combustible gas mixture. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for judging the explosion risk of an explosive gas mixture in mines.     

OBDA在极限与配合知识库中的应用

针对传统极限与配合本体知识库构建中工作量过大和数据与本体不一致的问题,将基于本体的数据访问(OBDA)引入极限与配合知识库中,使用Web本体语言OWL 2 QL构建极限与配合本体TBox,构建本体与数据库的映射集将数据库中数据映射为极限与配合本体的个体集,使用本体的实时查询访问数据库中数据,在减少本体构建工作量的同时,确保了数据与本体一致且易于共享和重用。工程实例验证了在极限与配合知识库中应用OBDA的可行性和有效性。     

页岩气选区评价关键参数及上下限

四川盆地及其周缘页岩气资源丰富,选区评价是获取页岩气区块并实现勘探开发的前提,然而目前页岩气选区评价关键参数并不统一,关键参数标准及上下限仍存在争议并缺乏系统性研究,因此亟需建立一套适用于高热演化海相页岩气的选区评价体系。充分调研了国内外页岩气选区评价方法、行业和企业标准及公开文献,开展了各类选区评价参数统计,优选了选区评价关键参数,探究了每个关键参数的上下限,建立了页岩气选区评价关键参数取值范围标准。研究优选出7个页岩气选区评价关键参数,主要包括有机碳含量（TOC）、成熟度（R_O）、孔隙度、压力系数、埋藏深度、脆性矿物含量和页岩有效厚度。有机碳含量作为页岩气选区评价的首要关键参数,其下限可降到1.0%;成熟度R_O是页岩气聚集形成的重要指标,其下限仍为1.3%,上限可提高至4.0%;孔隙度作为页岩储层评价的重要参数,其下限仍为2.0%;压力系数作为页岩气的保存参数,其下限可降至1.0;页岩埋藏深度的上下限分别为1 000 m和5 000 m;脆性矿物含量作为压裂参数,其下限仍为40%;页岩有效厚度应选取TOC>2.0%、1.3%<R_O<3.5%、孔隙度>2.0%和脆性矿物含量>40%的页岩层段,其下限为20 m。优选的选区评价关键参数及建立的上下限标准,对中国复杂构造背景下的高过成熟海相页岩气的选区评价和高效勘探开发具有重要指导意义。