Transgenerational Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Anogenital Distance,Sperm Functions and DNA Methylation in Rat Offspring

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride plastics and has been associated with concerns regarding male reproductive toxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that maternal exposure to DEHP induces transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset adverse reproductive outcomes through the male germline in the F1, F2, and F3 generations of male offspring. Pregnant rats were treated with 5 or 500 mg of DEHP/kg/day through gavage from gestation day 0 to birth. The offspring body weight, anogenital distance (AGD), anogenital index (AGI), sperm count, motility, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were measured for all generations. Methyl-CpG binding domain sequencing was performed to analyze sperm DNA methylation status in the F3. DEHP exposure at 500 mg/kg affected AGD, AGI, sperm count, mean DFI, and %DFI in the F1; AGD, sperm count, and mean DFI in the F2; and AGD, AGI, mean DFI, and %DFI in the F3. DEHP exposure at 5 mg/kg affected AGD, AGI, sperm count, and %DFI in the F1; sperm count in the F2; and AGD and AGI in F3. Compared with the control group, 15 and 45 differentially hypermethylated genes were identified in the groups administered 5 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg DEHP, respectively. Moreover, 130 and 6 differentially hypomethylated genes were observed in the groups administered 5 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg DEHP. Overall, these results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to DEHP caused transgenerational epigenetic effects, which may explain the observed phenotypic changes in the male reproductive system.     

Theoretical kinetic study of the reaction between dimethyl disulfide and OH radicals

The potential energy profile of the reaction between dimethyl disulfide and OH^? radicals is explored by utilizing ab initio and hybrid meta density functional theory methods. Having the energies and structural data of the stationary points, statistical rate theories, such as transition state theory and variable reaction coordinate-transition state theory, are employed to compute the overall rate constants, and discuss the mechanism and product channels. On the basis of the calculations, the overall rate coefficient is predicted to be 2.49?×?10^?10?cm³?molecule^?1?s^?1 at 298?K. It is found that in the most favorable pathway, the reaction proceeds via formation of the relatively unstable intermediate CH₃S^?(OH)SCH₃ decomposing rapidly to yield CH₃S^?+CH₃SOH.     

甲醇氧化羰化制碳酸二甲酯产物气相色谱分析

以Chromosorb 10 1为固定相 ,气相色谱法分析甲醇氧化羰化制碳酸二甲酯产物中水、甲醇、乙酸甲酯和碳酸二甲酯等组份的含量 ,考察了柱温 ,载气流量对分离度的影响 ,确定了适宜的分析条件 ,并用校正面积归一化法定量。该方法操作简便 ,快速 ,精度高 ,重现性好     

有机锡催化、无中和水洗合成DOP

以有机锡(Fascat4102)作催化剂,苯酐和辛醇(2-乙基己醇)酯化反应生成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP),其最佳工艺条件为:酯化温度215～225℃,催化剂加入量2.0‰,过量醇含量17%,脱醇真空为20KPa(绝压),脱醇温度为155℃,活性炭加入量为1‰,省却中和水洗和汽提工序,产品质量可以达到优级品.     

Degradation of polyethylene terephthalate films in the presence of lubricants for HFC 134a: a critical issue for hermetic motor insulation systems

Earlier studies conducted in the use of sealed tubes with polyalkylene glycol lubricants and polyethylene terephthalete (PET) films revealed that the PET films exhibited embrittlement and (visual) degradation. This led to an investigation of PET embrittlement mechanisms with the new lubricants used with HFC 134a. The lubricants studied were three polypropylene glycols (the monol, the diol and the completely end-capped glycols), pentaerythritol ester and a blend of monol and ester. The effects of moisture content, temperature and lubricant structure were studied. All lubricants in this study were of viscosity grade ISO-32 (150 SUS). The results were compared to PET film embrittlement in the presence of CFC 12 and mineral oil. This study reconfirmed the earlier findings that the PET films must be dried to lower than 0.1 wt.% moisture content for use in hermetic systems. This paper discusses the effect of the moisture content of the lubricant and the effect of the lubricant structure on PET films. The dependence of the various mechanisms on temperature is shown. Esters and end-capped polyalkylene glycols are recommended for use with HFC 134a.     

Experimental and analytical study on the spray characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) and diesel fuels within a common-rail injection system in a diesel engine

This paper investigates the effect of injection parameters on the characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine with experimental and analytical models based on empirical equations. In order to study macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of DME fuel, this work focuses on the atomization characteristics of DME and compares experimental and predicted results for spray development obtained by empirical models for diesel and DME fuel. Detailed comparisons of spray tip penetration from three different empirical correlations and from visualization experiments of diesel and DME fuels were conducted under various fuel injection conditions. In comparison with the results of different empirical equations for measured spray tip penetration, the experimental results of this study provide good agreement with the calculation results based on empirical equations, except during the earliest stage of the injected spray sequence. The results of atomization characteristics indicate that DME showed better spray characteristics than conventional diesel fuel. Also, the fuel injection delay and maximum injection rate of DME fuel are shorter and lower than those of diesel fuel at the same injection conditions, respectively.     

An application of rapid freezing,freeze substitution–fixation for scanning electron microscopy

A combined technique of the rapid freezing, freeze substitution–fixation method and the osmium–DMSO-osmium method was devised. By this combined method we clearly observed the architecture of intracellular components in three dimensions. Morphological characteristics were generally similar to those of tissue prepared by the osmium–DMSO-osmium method but different in some respects. Mucigen droplets in intestinal goblet cells, for example, appeared as separated spheres, while in specimens prepared by chemical fixation they were observed as a mass of fused droplets. In the Golgi complex, all cisternae were extremely flat, although they usually dilated on the cis side after chemical fixation. Particles on the mitochondrial tubules of liver cells were well distinguished. They were mushroom shaped, as are those observed by negative staining. The combined method, that is, the rapid freezing, osmium–DMSO-osmium method, is thought to be effective for studying the true structure of intracellular components by scanning electron microscopy.     

SnO催化、无中和水洗合成DOP的研究

以氧化亚锡 (SnO)作催化剂 ,苯酐和辛醇 (2 乙基己醇 )酯化反应合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DOP) ,省却中和水洗和汽提工序 ,其最佳工艺条件为 :酯化温度 2 10～ 2 2 0℃ ,催化剂加入量 0 .8% ,过量醇含量 18% ,脱醇真空度为 2 0kPa (绝压 ) ,脱醇温度为 160℃ ,活性炭加入量为 1‰ ,产品质量达到优级品。     

过氧化物交联聚乙烯的力学性能研究

采用过氧化物交联方法研究了交联聚乙烯的工艺、配方和性能，探讨了过氧化物用量对材料力学性能及凝胶含量的影响，以及炭黑、氧化锌、抗氧剂对材料性能的影响。结果表明，过氧化物交联聚乙烯的力学性能有一定的提高，随着DCP含量的增加，交联PE的凝胶含量提高，而随着凝胶含量的提高，交联PE的拉伸强度提高，断裂伸长率下降；炭黑对材料有一定的补强作用，氧化锌的加入有助于交联反应和拉伸强度的提高。     

羟胺催化臭氧降解邻苯二甲酸甲酯

利用硫酸羟胺（HAS）催化臭氧（O3）降解含有邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的模拟废水,比较O3/HAS体系和O3体系中DMP的降解情况,研究了叔丁醇（TBA）和pH值对O3/HAS体系中O3分解的影响。结果表明：当pH=3.0且HAS初始浓度为20μmol/L时,反应5min后O3/HAS体系中DMP的降解率比O3体系中提高了82.58%,表明O3/HAS体系降解DMP的效率优于单独O3体系;加入TBA后O3/HAS体系对DMP的降解率显著下降,证明在O3/HAS体系中产生了羟基自由基;在pH值为3.0、7.0和9.2的条件下,O3的降解率均随着HAS浓度的升高而升高,说明HAS促进了O3的分解。此外,选择盐酸羟胺（HAC）、磷酸羟胺（HAP）催化O3降解DMP,将O3/HAS体系、O3/HAC体系、O3/HAP体系中DMP的去除效果进行对比,结果显示三种体系均可促进DMP的降解。