水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响

为研究水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响,采用16个SBR反应器研究同周期内基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段EPS含量的变化以及总氮质量浓度、IC/TN、COD/TN对于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响.结果表明,同周期内,基质利用阶段的EPS含量不断升高,基质匮乏阶段EPS含量不断降低;总氮质量浓度为35~280 mg/L时,提高总氮质量浓度可以提高EPS的含量,总氮质量浓度280 mg/L时EPS含量有所减少;IC/TN为0.01~0.2时,EPS及其各组分含量随无机碳质量浓度的升高而增加,IC/TN0.2时,无机碳质量浓度对于EPS及其各组分含量无明显影响;COD/TN0.5时,有机物对于EPS含量具有促进作用,COD/TN0.5时,有机物的提高对于EPS含量有抑制作用.在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺的实际运行过程中,应避免过长的基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段,总氮质量浓度应保持在150~210 mg/L,无机碳质量浓度应保持在IC/TN为0.1~0.2,有机物质量浓度应保持在COD/TN0.5.     

废水脱氮工艺浅析

论述了废水高效生物脱氮工艺进展,提出了同步硝化反硝化以及其机理分析,短程硝化反硝化及其影响因素、厌氧氨氧化以及其氨氮去除效果等新兴的高效生物工艺,以解决水体富营养化的问题.     

污水厂A/O除磷出水为基质的Anammox小试研究

为研究污水处理厂厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺可行性,在实际生活污水处理厂中进行厌氧氨氧化工艺的小试实验.向污水厂A/O除磷工艺出水中投加亚硝酸盐作为基质,启动厌氧氨氧化滤柱.反应器启动成功后,进水改为A/O除磷和亚硝化工艺处理后的生活污水,观察厌氧氨氧化工艺实际工程应用的效果.结果表明,第106~144天,进水温度为15~20℃,最大出水氨氮和总氮质量浓度为4.1和13.4 mg/L,出水氮素满足国家一级A排放标准;第168~204天,反应器运行进入冬季,进水温度为12~15℃,采用延长水力停留时间的方法实现污水处理达标;第222~240天时,水温降低到10~12℃,在进水投加125 mg/L碳酸氢钠,总氮去除负荷提高了40%,最大出水氨氮和总氮质量浓度为1.4和13.6 mg/L,冬季出水氮素达标.在整个过程中滤柱生物膜厚度持续增加,最终达113μm,单位MLSS污泥厌氧氨氧化负荷大于5 kg/(kg·d),厌氧氨氧化工艺在市政污水处理厂高效稳定运行.     

常温条件下OLAND工艺启动研究

探讨了常温下在固定床生物膜反应器中接种普通活性污泥、用人工模拟废水启动OLAND工艺的方法。实验温度控制在23~26℃,水力停留时间为2 d,初始进水NH_4~+-N为50 mg/L。结果表明,31 d首次出现总氮去除;第45天进水NH_4~+-N提升至60 mg/L,总氮和NH_4~+-N去除率分别达到89.54%、95.45%。第65天进水NH_4~+-N达到100mg/L,总氮和NH_4~+-N去除率分别为77.64%、87.17%,总氮去除速率达到最大值38.82 g/(m3·d),标志着OLAND工艺成功启动。该技术可满足城市生活污水的除氮需求。     

Anammox反应器快速启动的操作策略

通过接种普通活性污泥并添加生物载体,39天成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。稳定期间,NH+4-N和NO-2-N的平均转化率分别达到96.6%、98.5%,TIN平均去除率为84.4%,TIN最高去除率达到了88.5%。氨氮和亚硝态氮浓度提升至180 mg/L左右,反应器出现亚硝态氮和硝态氮的积累以及出水p H明显小于进水p H的状况,为了解除亚硝酸盐的抑制,将基质浓度降低到60 mg/L,采用瞬时进水的方式后反应器运行良好。     

厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动方法的探讨

厌氧氨氧化工艺因其低处理成本,被认为是很有应用前景的脱氮技术。介绍了接种颗粒污泥快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的方法。结果表明,接种各类颗粒污泥有利于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的形成,可以缩短厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动时间,且启动后的反应器运行稳定,效能优良。说明了该快速启动方法有深入研究和开发的价值。     

Treatment capability of an up-flow anammox column reactor using polyethylene sponge strips as biomass carrier

The feasibility of applying a polyethylene (PE) sponge as a biomass carrier in an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor and its nitrogen removal performance were also investigated. Experiments were carried out in an up-flow column reactor with synthetic inorganic wastewater. Experimental results indicate that reactor containing PE sponge biomass carriers showed a high nitrogen removal capability and exhibited stable performance. In addition, the reactor with 8 strips PE sponge as biomass carrier exhibited greater adaptation capacity compared to that with 6 strips and could achieve a high TN removal rate within a very short period. The ratio of NO₂-N removal and NO₃-N production to NH₄-N removal for the reactor was 1.26:0.21. Furthermore, to investigate the bacterial composition of the mature community, 16S rRNA sequences were amplified by PCR and analyses were conducted using DNA databases. Results showed that a new kind of anammox microorganism (Kumadai-1) was the dominant species in the reactor when using PE sponge as a biomass carrier.     

自循环曝气厌氧膜生物反应器培养厌氧氨氧化菌的研究

利用浸没式厌氧膜生物反应器(SAnMBR)对Anammox细菌进行富集培养,同时利用Anammox反应产生的氮气对膜组件进行自循环吹扫,有效地缓解膜污染,实现SAnMBR与Anammox工艺的有机结合。选用絮状污泥为接种泥,反应器成功运行了69 d。在此过程中,最大氮负荷为1.8 kg/m3·d,总氮去除率整体维持在83%,增加曝气量对Anammox菌的活性和颗粒粒径无明显影响。除此之外,应用循环曝气系统对膜表面进行在线冲刷,相比无曝气条件,保持曝气量为0.2 m3/h时,膜使用周期由4 d延长到38 d。选用Lawrence-McCarty模型研究Anammox菌的生长动力学特性,得真实产率(YT为0.17 mg/mg,衰减系数(Kd)为0.01 d-1,Anammox菌增长速度快。相比其他反应器(如SBR、UASB),MBR具有更好的富集效果。     

高负荷厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器的运行及其颗粒污泥的ECP特性

高效性是厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox)生物脱氮工艺的优势,污泥颗粒化则是生物反应器高效性的重要原因。控制进水亚硝酸盐浓度为360mg·L-1,回流比为0.5,经过230d的连续运行,逐步将厌氧氨氧化膨胀颗粒污泥床(expanded-granular sludgebed,EGSB)反应器(1.1L)的水力停留时间由6.9h缩短至0.30h,获得的容积基质氮去除速率为50.75kg.m-3·d-1,是原有世界最高水平的2倍。在此工况下获得的高负荷厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的平均粒径为(2.51±0.91)mm,比污泥厌氧氨氧化活性为1.899kg·(kgVSS)-1·d-1,胞外多聚物(extracellular polymers,ECP)总含量达143.00mg·(gVSS)-1。随着反应器容积基质氮去除速率的提高,反应器内厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥胞外多聚物含量增加,其中蛋白质含量增加更快,蛋白质的"超量产生"致使颗粒污泥的PN/PS增大,易随水流失。     

Stable and high-rate nitrogen removal from reject water by partial nitrification and subsequent anammox

A combined process of partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was carried out to treat reject water with a high concentration of ammonium and a low level of hardly biodegraded organic carbon. Stable treatment performance was obtained under high nitrogen loading rates of 5.7 kg-N/m³/day and 10.5 kg-N/m³/day for the PN and anammox reactors for more than 2 months, respectively. Successful nitrite accumulation was observed in the PN reactor, with an effluent NH₄-N/NO₂-N ratio of 1: 1.1 and marginal nitrate production, which is suitable for the subsequent anammox process. The strict control of DO concentration was adopted as the main manipulating strategy for the stable running of the PN reactor. And results indicated that the value of FA and FNA within a favorable range was essential for the successful operation of PN reactor. The anammox process was carried out in an up-flow fixed-bed reactor. The influent NH₄-N/NO₂-N ratio played a vital role in obtaining efficient nitrogen removal. The anammox reactor was successfully operated with a nitrogen removal rate of 9.1 kg-N/m³/day for 2 months, indicating high operational stability. Inorganic carbon was shown to have a positive impact on the high nitrogen removal rate during the combined process. In addition, the characteristics of the sludge in both reactors were investigated. The Stover–Kincannon model was used for kinetics studies. K_B and U_max were determined as 30.1 g/L/day and 13.9 g/L/day, respectively, for the PN reactor and 42.1 g/L/day and 31.2 g/L/day, respectively, for the anammox reactor.