绿色木霉合成几丁质酶条件的研究

绿色木霉ＺＵ０１１在以０．５％几丁质为唯一碳源的培养基中几丁质酶活达到０．１２４ＩＵ／ｍＬ。几丁质酶合成的最佳碳源和诱导物为几丁质。在一定范围内啬２基中几丁质浓度,葡萄糖浓度,微量元素盐浓度和碳氮比都能提高几丁质酶活。胆汁酸和吐温８０作为表面活性剂能显著提高几丁质酶活。     

Purification and characterization of extracellular chitinase from a novel strain Aspergillus fumigatus CS-01

Twelve samples derived from different locations in south central area of China are treated by enrichment and spread-plate technique for initial screening. Seven chitinase-producing strains are isolated. The chitinase present in the culture supernatant of strain CS-01 possesses the maximum activity of 0.118 U/mL. Analysis of the morphological feature and the ITS rDNA sequence reveals that strain CS-01 belongs to Aspergillus fumigatus. Production of the chitinase is regulated by a inducible way and the maximum activity appears at 36 h in colloidal chitin culture. Purification of the chitinase is carried out by salting out, gel filtrate chromatography and anion exchange chromatography sequentially. Native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE indicate that the chitinase from A. fumigatus CS-01 is a monomer with the relative molecular mass estimated to be 4.50×10⁴. Its maximum activity appears at pH 5 and 55 °C. The chitinase is stable at pH 4.0–7.5 and below 45 °C. Foundation item: Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Effect of Cultural Conditions on Chitinase Production from Biocontrol Bacterium Against Aflatoxin

Chitinase is one of the most important mycolytic enzymes with industrial significance. Statistical methods are employed to optimize cultural conditions with the increased production of chitinase for th...     

甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中PR基因的诱导表达

以抗病性不同的4个甜菜品种为材料,分别接种BNYVV,研究甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和诱导几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达及其与抗丛根病的关系。结果表明：BNYVV不同程度地诱导了4个甜菜品种几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的提高,抗病品种比感病品种具有较高的几丁质酶和β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,并且抗病品种的酶活性高峰出现的时间早于感病品种;抗病品种的几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达均早于感病品种,表达量大于感病品种,且持续的时间较感病品种长。BNYVV不同程度地诱导甜菜病程相关蛋白基因的表达,从而有效激活了甜菜抗病防御反应系统,提高了甜菜抗病性。     

Induction of chitinase in response to Aspergillus infection in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench)

Chitinase is an antifungal protein which is induced in higher plants during infection and stress. In this paper the induction of chitinase activity in response to infection by Aspergillus parasiticus (NRRL 2999) in six sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) genotypes and its association with aflatoxin production were investigated. Chitinase was induced in all six genotypes (two each of red, yellow and white sorghum) when infected by A parasiticus (NRRL 2999). The induction of chitinase activity was highest in the white cultivars, followed by the yellow and red genotypes, compared with healthy grains. In the white cultivars the chitinase activity increased on the 6th and 9th days after infection and was four‐ to fivefold higher than in healthy grains. The total aflatoxin produced was lower in the red genotypes than in the yellow and white genotypes. The white genotypes showed maximum total aflatoxin production at 6 days after infection. The aflatoxins produced in the white genotypes were comparable to those in the red genotypes. There was a significant positive correlation between chitinase activity and aflatoxin production in red sorghum (r² = 0.600, p ≤ 0.001) and white sorghum (r² = 0.411, p ≤ 0.001). Maximum chitinase activity was observed on day 12 in all genotypes under healthy conditions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

南极产低温几丁质酶菌株的16S rDNA序列分析及其发酵条件及酶学性质研究

从南极深海沉积物中筛选到一株产低温几丁质酶的菌株AC444,经细菌形态观察及16S rDNA序列分析,该菌株属于假交替单胞菌属（pseudoalteromonas）,其最适与最高生长温度分别为15℃和30℃,属于兼性嗜冷菌。AC444菌株能利用多种碳源产酶,在含胶体几丁质和蛋白胨的培养基中产酶最高,达13．47U,最适产酶温度为20℃。酶的最适反应pH为7．0,最适作用温度为35℃,属中性低温酶。     

产甲壳素酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及其酶解产物分析

以甲壳素为唯一碳源,从自然发酵的麻虾酱中筛选到1 株产甲壳素酶的放线菌X1。通过形态学、分子生物学以及生理生化实验鉴定为淀粉酶链霉菌（Streptomyces diastaticus）,命名为S. diastaticus strain CS 1801。在30 ℃条件下培养7 d,该菌株所产甲壳素酶活力为117.4 U/L。利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪对发酵液中成分进行分析,确定甲壳素在淀粉酶链霉菌CS1801作用下分解成壳二糖、壳三糖、壳四糖、壳五糖和壳六糖。     

Thaumatin-like protein in kiwifruit

A 21-kDa protein extracted from woody tissue underlying the pedicel of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var deliciosa [A Chev] Liang and Ferguson) was purified to homogeneity by cation exchange, gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on a 15% gel and electro-transfer onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, followed by excision of the band of interest. Amino terminal sequence analysis of this band revealed a high degree of homology with basic endochitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) in orange and thaumatin-like proteins in tobacco, barley, maize and tomato. This is the first record of a thaumatin-like protein in a subtropical berryfruit. Potential implications of this finding and the need for future research are discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry