共存阴离子对核酸阻锈剂在模拟混凝土孔溶液中钢筋阻锈作用的影响

将一种含有长度在20～80个碱基的各种引物的混合溶液溶解在核酸缓冲液中作为核酸阻锈剂,通过线性极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)两种电化学手段分别研究共存阴离子HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)对核酸阻锈剂在模拟混凝土孔溶液中对钢筋氯盐腐蚀的影响。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了在有共存阴离子存在的模拟混凝土孔溶液中钢筋电极在核酸阻锈剂作用下表面膜的组成结构。结果表明:核酸阻锈剂具有良好的钢筋防腐蚀效果,共存阴离子HCO_3~-的存在使钢筋的腐蚀速率加快,但核酸的加入能明显减弱钢筋腐蚀倾向,具有和商用阻锈剂(主要成分为磷酸钠)基本相同的阻锈效率;共存阴离子SO_4~(2-)的存在加快了钢筋的腐蚀速率,且SO_4~(2-)的浓度较低时核酸阻锈剂的阻锈效率已经超过了同等条件下的商用阻锈剂。     

共存离子对八元瓜环与菲罗啉及其衍生物相互作用的影响

利用紫外光谱技术考察了一些离子对八元瓜环与1,10-菲罗啉及其衍生物作用的影响,结果显示:碱金属与碱土等金属离子及强酸根离子在一定的浓度范围内影响较小;H 和OH-影响较大,在pH=2～6时能生成包结比为1:2的包结物,在碱性条件下包结物分解;弱酸酸根离子对八元瓜环与菲罗啉及其衍生物的作用影响主要因为其水解产生的OH-的影响。可以通过调节溶液的酸度来控制瓜环对底物分子的包结作用。     

一类永磁同步电动机混沌模型与霍夫分叉

从基于d-q轴永磁同步电动机模型出发,应用时间尺度变换和线性仿射变换,建立了一个适用于永磁同步电动机混沌运动分析的模型,在研究永磁同步电动机同步速附近运动条件下,得到一个三阶的非线性自治方程。利用该方程,根据李雅普诺夫稳定性分析理论,针对不同外部输入电压状况对其出现霍夫分叉的条件及稳定性进行了分析,研究表明,当均匀气隙永磁同步电动机参数确定情况下,在一定输入电压范围内,它将在同步速附近产生不稳定的霍夫分叉运动,并进入混沌状态和产生奇怪吸引子,计算机仿真展现了这一过程。     

鄂尔多斯盆地油、气、煤、铀富集特征分析

对鄂尔多斯盆地油、气、煤、铀4种矿产的富集特征进行了分析,对它们的共存特征和共生关系进行了深入研究.结果表明,盆地历经的构造运动和沉积环境的变迁决定了多种矿产富集的时空特征,盆地中铀的富集与深部油、气、煤的存在有密切关系,且盆地中铀的富集对油、气、煤成藏、成矿具有一定的促进作用.     

Genes without prominence: a reappraisal of the foundations of biology

The sequencing of the human genome raises two intriguing questions: why has the prediction of the inheritance of common diseases from the presence of abnormal alleles proved so unrewarding in most cases and how can some 25 000 genes generate such a rich complexity evident in the human phenotype? It is proposed that light can be shed on these questions by viewing evolution and organisms as natural processes contingent on the second law of thermodynamics, equivalent to the principle of least action in its original form. Consequently, natural selection acts on variation in any mechanism that consumes energy from the environment rather than on genetic variation. According to this tenet cellular phenotype, represented by a minimum free energy attractor state comprising active gene products, has a causal role in giving rise, by a self-similar process of cell-to-cell interaction, to morphology and functionality in organisms, which, in turn, by a self-similar process entailing Darwin''s proportional numbers are influencing their ecosystems. Thus, genes are merely a means of specifying polypeptides: those that serve free energy consumption in a given surroundings contribute to cellular phenotype as determined by the phenotype. In such natural processes, everything depends on everything else, and phenotypes are emergent properties of their systems.     

An artificial neural network noise reduction method for chaotic attractors

A method is presented to reduce noise in chaotic attractors without knowing the underlying maps. The method is based on using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for moderate levels of additive noise. For high levels of additive noise, a combination of a refinement procedure with ANN is used. In this case, only one refinement is needed for the successful use of ANN. The obtained ANN model is used for long-term predictions of the future behavior of a Henon attractor, using information based only on past values.     

On Ilyashenko’s statistical attractors

We define a minimal α-observability of Ilyashenko’s statistical attractors. We prove that the space is always full Lebesgue decomposable into pairwise disjoint sets that are Lebesgue-bounded away from zero and included in the basins of a finite family of minimal α-observable statistical attractors. Among other examples, we analyse the Bowen homeomorphisms with non-robust topological heteroclinic cycles. We prove the existence of three types of statistical behaviours for these examples.     

Synchronization of chaotic attractors with different equilibrium points

This paper investigates the synchronization of coupled chaotic systems with many equilibrium points. By addition of an external switching piecewise-constant controller, the system changes to a new one with several independent chaotic attractors in the state space. Then, by addition of a nonlinear state feedback control, the chaos synchronization is presented. This method can be used in many couples of chaotic systems characterized by the same equilibrium point or by two different equilibrium points, even they are the same systems (Lorenz, Jerk, Van der Pol) or two chaotic systems with different structures (Lorenz modified).     

滴状冷凝强化含不凝气的蒸气冷凝传热机制

为了深入考察滴状冷凝强化混合蒸气冷凝传热传质过程的作用机制,在竖直表面上设计了完全滴状（DWC）、没有液滴向下脱落运动的条形分割滴膜共存（DFC）和膜状（FWC）3种冷凝形态的实验表面。对纯蒸气及含不凝气蒸气的冷凝传热过程进行了分析和实验研究,结果表明纯蒸气滴状冷凝与滴膜共存冷凝传热特性相近;而对含不凝气的冷凝,滴膜共存表面与膜状冷凝表面的传热特性相近;不凝气摩尔分数分别为0.9%、4.8%时,滴状冷凝较其他两种形态下的冷凝传热系数提高了30%～80%。其主要原因是由于混合蒸气冷凝传热阻力主要由气相边界层控制,滴膜共存冷凝并没有使气相的扩散传质过程得到强化,而完全滴状冷凝与设计的滴膜共存冷凝的区别在于后者仅存在小液滴的合并运动而没有大液滴向下脱落和对表面冲刷过程。根据二者实验结果的分析,认为滴状冷凝的大液滴脱落运动是影响气相传质的主要因素,大液滴脱落过程对气相边界层的扰动和剪切作用强化了气液界面传热传质特性。     

分割表面对蒸汽滴状冷凝传热特性的影响

实验测定了相同操作条件下涂层表面1:1分割前后水蒸汽冷凝传热通量与表面过冷度的关系,对分割表面上滴膜共存冷凝进行了研究,结果表明,分割表面上滴膜共存时的热通量比全部为滴状和膜状冷凝表面热通量的平均值大,且其差值随处理表面上接触角的增大而增大. 从固液界面效应的角度对该现象进行了分析,并解释了其原因.