油墨用聚氨酯胶粘剂的性能研究

主要研究用于印刷油墨的单组分溶剂型聚氨酯粘合剂，考查聚合物多元醇类型对树脂微观形态、机械性能以及印刷适应性和附着性等性能的影响。研究结果表明，聚酯型树脂的微相分离程度低于聚醚型，具有较好的机械性能、印刷适应性和附着性。     

Many-Body Terms in van der Waals Cohesion Energy of Nanotubes

We have developed a model for the calculation of van der Waals force for layered systems with axial symmetry. Our result can be applied to compute the cohesion of a carbon nanotube to a substrate, the cohesion between nanotubes, and between shells of multiwall nanotubes. We have obtained unusal power laws for the distance dependence of the many-body van der Waals potential.     

THE STICKY ISSUES OF DRYING

Unconrolled agglomeration of particles and adhesion of the particulate mass to wall surfaces are common severe problems in many drying operations. This paper reviews the mechanisms of interparticle and particle-surface attraction as well as the theory and the existing tests for characterising powders in terms of internal strength, wall friction and adhesion. The usefulness of the information obtained from these tests in dryer design and operation is critically reviewed. The importance of powder stickiness in various types of dryers is discussed and established methods of combating the problem are presented Recommendations an made for further research in the area of powder cohesion and adhesion.     

On the Predominant Electron-Donicity of Polar Solid Surfaces

The reasons for the predominant electron-donicity of almost all solid polar surfaces and its implications are discussed in this paper. By contact angle or interfacial tension measurements, the electron-accepting as well as the electron-donating properties of polar liquids can be ascertained, through the interplay between their energies of adhesion and cohesion. For the solid-liquid interface, direct interfacial tension measurements are not possible, but indirectly, solid/liquid interfacial tensions of polar systems can be obtained by contact angle measurement. However, as the energy of cohesion of a solid does not influence the contact angle formed by a liquid drop placed upon its surface, one can only measure the solid surface'ks residual polar property, manifested by the energy of adhesion between solid and liquid. This residual polar property is of necessity the dominant component; in most cases this turns out to be its electron donicity. When, by means of contact angle measurements with polar liquids, both electron-accepting and electron-donating potentials are found on a polar solid, it is most likely still partly covered with a polar liquid: usually water. The amount of residual water of hydration of a polar solid follows from its polar (Lewis acid-base) surface tension component (γ^AB). The degree of orientation of the residual water of hydration on a polar solid can be expressed by the ratio of the electron-donating to electron-accepting potentials (γ^⊖/γ^⊕), measured on the hydrated surface.     

基于试验和有限元法获取滑面强度参数

在滑坡稳定性计算和工程设计中滑带土的内聚力(C)和内摩擦角(ψ)取值对工程至关重要.首先采用有限元法,对滑带土进行应力仿真分析,再结合滑带土室内试验的相关物性指标及强度特征,得到滑动面的强度参数,其结果与室内直剪试验所得到的滑带土强度参数值以及刚体极限平衡法反演得到的参数值十分接近.该方法不仅可作为该滑坡稳定性计算参数...     

基于客户程序度量包内聚性

为了一致而高效地计算包内聚性,许多研究者提出了大量的包内聚性度量方法.然而,这些方法主要依赖于包内部的数据流关系,常导致度量结果与实际开发经验相悖.为了解决这一问题,首先以包的职责为基础将包划分为4类.然后,提出了共同重用内聚CRC,并根据包的分类框架讨论了CRC的适用性.CRC的核心思想是若多个类总被共同重用,则它们之间存在紧密耦合.最后,提出了度量CRC的海明内聚度HC.与现有方法相比,HC同时考虑了包内和包间的数据依赖.因而,该方法能够有效地反映包内部类间的语义关系.此外,HC利用包的使用模式提高了度量结果的可区分性.实验研究表明HC能够有效评估包的内聚程度.充分说明了作为HC基础的CRC具有较高的合理性.     

Chinese-based research on subject-covered information retrieval supervised by textual semantic domain

By means of analysis of artificial intervention in ready-retrieved text, training set used to compare with new texts from large-scale real texts corpus is provided. It is based on the data-originated presentation of training set that a special formula to calculate semantic cohesion between new texts and training set is devised. The semantic cohesion of new text is the average value of semantic evaluation of all elements involved, and semantic evaluation of an element depends on its semantic relevance with the training set and on the semantic ratio of its domain to synonymous domain. In terms of empirical verification a conclusion is drawn that semantic cohesion is the key measurement standard of textual retrieval. Despite the advantages of textual retrieval, limitations of formula-raised condition and analyst＇s accomplishments make the analysis involved in this paper imperfect.     

Response to ‘Comments on: A cohesion measure for object‐oriented classes’

Indicating that CBMC does not satisfy the monotonic property in terms of the number of interactions, Xu and Zhou proposed an augmented definition of CBMC by adopting cut set instead of glue methods. The augmented CBMC clearly satisfies the monotonic property. However, CBMC is designed to overcome the problem with respect to the number of interactions and, therefore, focuses on the interaction pattern, especially, member connectivity. Consequently, it does not make sense to mention the monotonic property of CBMC with respect to interaction number. Moreover, the notion of glue methods allows several interpretations on the design quality of a class. However, that meaningful interpretation is not possible for the augmented definition due to the removal of the notion of glue methods. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fault prediction and the discriminative powers of connectivity-based object-oriented class cohesion metrics

Context

Several metrics have been proposed to measure the extent to which class members are related. Connectivity-based class cohesion metrics measure the degree of connectivity among the class members.

Objective

We propose a new class cohesion metric that has higher discriminative power than any of the existing cohesion metrics. In addition, we empirically compare the connectivity and non-connectivity-based cohesion metrics.

Method

The proposed class cohesion metric is based on counting the number of possible paths in a graph that represents the connectivity pattern of the class members. We theoretically and empirically validate this path connectivity class cohesion (PCCC) metric. The empirical validation compares seven connectivity-based metrics, including PCCC, and 11 non-connectivity-based metrics in terms of discriminative and fault detection powers. The discriminative-power study explores the probability that a cohesion metric will incorrectly determine classes to be cohesively equal when they have different connectivity patterns. The fault detection study investigates whether connectivity-based metrics, including PCCC, better explain the presence of faults from a statistical standpoint in comparison to other non-connectivity-based cohesion metrics, considered individually or in combination.

Results

The theoretical validation demonstrates that PCCC satisfies the key cohesion properties. The results of the empirical studies indicate that, in contrast to other connectivity-based cohesion metrics, PCCC is much better than any comparable cohesion metric in terms of its discriminative power. In addition, the results also indicate that PCCC measures cohesion aspects that are not captured by other metrics, wherein it is considerably better than other connectivity-based metrics but slightly worse than some other non-connectivity-based cohesion metrics in terms of its ability to predict faulty classes.

Conclusion

PCCC is more useful in practice for the applications in which practitioners need to distinguish between the quality of different classes or the quality of different implementations of the same class.     

黄河滩岸稳定性影响因素的敏感性分析

黄河滩岸的崩塌失稳将会对滩地和村庄造成严重冲蚀,甚至造成堤防冲决,对黄河滩岸稳定性及其影响因素的敏感性进行分析具有重要的工程实践意义.选择了影响滩岸稳定性较大的主要因素(土体凝聚力c、坡体内水头H和坡角α)进行分析.由c、H及α变化组成不同分析工况,采用边坡稳定性分析方法,分析了滩岸稳定性,并在此基础上研究了滩岸稳定性对c、H及α的敏感性.分析结果表明:在各种计算工况下,黄河滩岸是稳定的;c是影响滩岸坡体稳定性最强的因素,其敏感性随坡角及水头的增大而增强;H对滩岸坡体稳定性影响次之,其敏感性随坡角的增大而增大,随凝聚力的增大而减小;α对坡体稳定的敏感性相对较小,其随凝聚力的增大而减小,随水头的变化不明显.