几种不同基材动态膜生物反应器污泥层性质分析

在动态膜生物反应器（DMBR）中,膜污染的有效控制至关重要。选用4种膜基材料：聚酯无纺布、聚丙烯无纺布、聚酯筛网、聚酰胺筛网,考察膜基材料受污染程度,分析膜面污染物成分。结果表明：应用DMBR处理模拟生活污水,4种材料易受污染的程度依次为聚酰胺筛网、聚酯筛网、聚丙烯无纺布、聚酯无纺布,筛网比无纺布更易发生不可逆污染。膜面物质不可逆污染层中的胞外聚合物含量对膜污染有重要作用,其中蛋白质、多糖均与膜污染相关,蛋白质较多糖与膜污染具有更密切关系。     

ion-Exchange Paper Chromatography of Metal Ions with Mixed Aqueous-Organic Solvents Containing Mineral Acid and a Selective Extractant

Abstract

Mixed solvents containing an organic extractant provide selective separations of metal ions on cation- and anion-exchange papers. The separations of scandium, hafnium plus zirconium, nickel, and thorium from complex mixtures are demonstrated. Various separations in dithizone and dimethyl-sulfoxide media are also reported. Results are often the same as those achieved on columns of resin with the same mobile phase.     

Characterization of organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor with pre-ozonation using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy

This study focuses on organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) process with pre-ozonation compared to an individual MBR using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. While the influent was continuously ozonated at a normal dosage, preferable organic matter removal was achieved in subsequent MBR, and trans-membrane pressure increased at a much lower rate than that of the individual MBR. EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) samples and membrane foulants. Four main peaks could be identified from the EEM fluorescence spectra of the DOM samples in both MBRs. Two peaks were associated with the protein-like fluorophores, and the other ones were related to the humic-like fluorophores. The results indicated that pre-ozonation decreased fluorescence intensities of all peaks in the EEM spectra of influent DOM especially for protein-like substances and caused red shifts of all fluorescence peaks to different extents. The peak intensities of the protein-like substances represented by Peak T₁ and T₂ in EPS spectra were obviously decreased as a result of pre-ozonation. Both external and internal fouling could be effectively mitigated by the pre-ozonation. The most primary component of external foulants was humic acid-like substance (Peak C) in the MBR with pre-ozonation and protein-like substance (Peak T₁) in the individual MBR, respectively. The content decrease of protein-like substances and structural change of humic-like substances were observed in external foulants from EEM fluorescence spectra due to pre-ozonation. However, it could be seen that ozonation resulted in significant reduction of intensities but little location shift of all peaks in EEM fluorescence spectra of internal foulants.     

东江水膜污染物质的确定及污染机理研究

为探讨东江水中引起超滤膜污染的成分及其污染机理,分别于旱季(11月底)和雨季初期(3月底)对东江水进行超滤膜污染试验,分析原水、超滤出水及化学清洗液亲疏水性及分子质量分布等水质特性,并采用膜堵塞模型对膜污染数据进行拟合.高效液相色谱(HPSEC)联合分峰技术(peak fitting)对水质进行分析发现,东江水中有机物的主要组分为生物聚合物(98 ku)、腐殖质(1 200 u)、腐殖质基本单元(610 u)及低分子中性物质(270 u).尽管雨季时东江水的生物聚合物和腐殖质组分较旱季时有所增多,两时期试验中的主要膜污染物质都是具有亲水性的生物聚合物及低分子中性物质.膜堵塞模型拟合膜污染过程的结果表明,生物聚合物在膜表面形成滤饼层及低分子中性组分标准堵塞(窄化膜孔)导致膜污染.     

反渗透污染膜水通量迁移方程的改进及应用研究

介绍了目前几种反渗透膜透过机理,通过文献调研认为目前聚酰胺膜反渗透膜的透过机理遵循优先吸附-毛细孔流理论,在此基础上从孔流理论出发对低压反渗透膜的分离机理进行初步研究,改进了孔流理论的水通量的基本迁移方程,并建立了用膜污染层厚度δ_f来预测膜污染时间的数学模型,通过反渗透实际工程的设计运行得到了试验验证,丰富了RO系统理论,特别是在预测膜污染清洗时间方面提供了新的依据.     

Analyses of organic foulants in membranes fouled by pulp and paper mill effluent using solid-liquid extraction

Fouling of membranes is a serious problem in membrane technology. By characterizing the foulants in membranes it is possible to understand fouling and reduce it. However, the characterization of foulants, especially organic ones, is difficult. The purpose of this study was to find out whether there are any organic foulants such as extractives in the membranes, and if it is possible to identify them. Membranes of different materials and hydrophilicity were used in filtration of ground wood mill (GWM) circulation water during one month in an integrated pulp and paper mill, Solid—liquid extraction was employed to remove the extractives from the membranes and the characterization of them was carried out with a gas chromatograph. According to the results, there are extractives in the membranes and it is possible to characterize them. It seems that the fouling by extractives mainly comes from resin and fatty acids. In addition, some traces of lignans were found in the membranes. Moreover, the hydrophobic membranes contained more of these acids and lignans than the hydrophilic membranes.