Study of haze emission efficiency based on new co-opetition data envelopment analysis

As haze intensifies in China, controlling haze emission has become the country's top priority for environmental protection. Because haze moves across different regions, it is necessary to develop a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model underpinned by both competition and cooperation to evaluate the haze emission efficiency in different provinces. This study innovatively adopts the spatial econometrics to construct the co-opetition matrices of Chinese provinces, then builds the co-opetition DEA model to evaluate the haze emission efficiency of them, and finally uses the haze data of 2015 as an example to assess the applicability of the model. The results of the study include the following: First, compared with the traditional CCR (A. Charnes & W. W. Cooper & E. Rhodes) model, this study constructs the co-opetition DEA cross-efficiency model that integrates haze's feature of cross-border moving; thus, it is more in line with the reality of haze emission and movement. Second, compared with the efficiency value gained from the CCR model, the haze emission efficiency values for Tianjin and Guangdong, two decision-making units, register greater variance when using the DEA model. The reason might lie in that they have a different spatial transportation relationship with their surrounding provinces. Third, the haze emission efficiency of provinces, according to the evaluation based on the co-opetition DEA method, varies greatly: Those with high efficiency are mostly inland provinces with slow economic growth and adverse climatic conditions, whereas many of the provinces with low efficiency are located in the relatively prosperous East China. The specific co-opetition DEA model constructed in this study enriches the research on the DEA model, which can be applied to the emission efficiency evaluation of similar pollutants around the world and can contribute empirical support to the haze reducing efforts of the government with its empirical results.     

一种改进的交错脉冲解速度模糊方法

研究了脉冲多普勒气象雷达中用于解速度模糊的交错脉冲方法，理论分析了时域脉冲对处理中速度估计公式的局限性，同时对该公式进行了修正。仿真结果表明，改进的交错脉冲方法具有更好的解速度模糊性能，而且易于实时处理。     

Display reflectance: Basics,measurement, and rating

Abstract— In this paper, methods and instruments for measurement and evaluation of reflection characteristics are reviewed as needed for research and development of electronic displays and for material and surface modeling with ray‐tracing and rendering software packages. Contrast under ambient illumination and recognizability under daylight illumination are prime development targets in the electronic‐display field, while computation and synthesis of realistic scenes and objects are pushing the need for physical data in computer graphics applications. Three categories of instruments are available for detailed reflection analysis. They are based on (1) gonioscopic (mechanical) and conoscopic (optical) directional scanning, (2) imaging approaches, and (3) on arrangements with variable source or receiver aperture. The capabilities, advantages, and limitations of these methods are introduced and discussed in order to facilitate appropriate selection of methods and instruments. For illustration purposes we present typical results obtained from commercial electronic display screens. A basis for continued widespread implementation and standardization of reflection metrology as required for objective rating and comparison of electronic‐display screen performance under ambient illumination is provided.     

1999年三峡大坝混凝土温控防裂研究与实践

1999年，为三峡工程二期施工阶段由开挖为主转入混凝土浇筑高峰期的关键一年，面临混凝土浇筑强度高、进度紧、温控设计要求严、高温季节浇筑基础约束区混凝土和施工设备投产晚的严峻局面。长江委设计院对1999年高温季节浇筑大坝基础约束区混凝土进行了专题研究。通过对大坝温度应力仿真研究和夏季各种温控措施效果分析，提出了夏季浇筑基础约束区混凝土的综合温控防裂措施。通过三峡工程参建各方共同努力，全面实施综合温控防裂措施，达到了预期效果，避免了大坝基础约束区产生危害性贯穿裂缝，并为顺利完成混凝土年度计划和形象面貌创造了有利条件。     

机载前视风切变检测气象雷达的研究进展

机载气象雷达是商业飞机强制安装的机载电子设备,可以称得上是“双眼 ”,它对于保障飞行安全具有举足轻重的作用。目前,机载气象雷达关键技术尚掌握在国外 生 产厂商手中。本文从机载气象雷达系统和机载气象雷达涉及的信号处理技术（包括降水目标 检测、湍流检测和低空风切变检测、地杂波抑制等）两个方面论述了机载气象雷达的发展历 程,指出了其中的关键技术和尚待解决的问题。最后,本文针对下一代具有增强型检测能力的 机载气象雷达系统及其相关技术进行了评述。     

C#利用Web Service编程接口实现动态天气预报

许多政府或企业网站除展示与本单位密切相关的信息外,往往也集成一些小的功能性的、与用户日常生活密切相关的,类似于提供火车时刻表、天气预报等辅助信息,采用C#利用Web Service提供的编程接口实现了实时天气预报功能,并能根据访问者所在地自动提供其相关的天气信息。     

新一代天气雷达发射机故障诊断分析

我省的新一代天气雷达在多年的运行过程中出现了各种不同类型的故障,有些严重故障直接导致雷达停机,影响了气象预报服务.本文介绍和总结了该雷达发射机部分出现的一些主要故障,这些故障都集中在雷达射频驱动器、聚焦线圈电源、触发器、调制器、后充电调整器等组件上.通过对这些组件的功能和工作原理的分析,详细介绍发射机故障诊断分析的关键技术.     

地市级气象基础数据库的升级改造与运行维护

随着气象现代化的不断推进,气象业务体系的不段完善和发展,各种新的气象服务手段的不断涌现,地市州一级气象基础数据的需求越来越大。以德阳为例仅直接调用SQL数据库的应用就多达20种,如何保障基础气象数据库的正常运行,是目前需要解决的一个问题。我局建立了多个基础气象数据库服务器,按照应用的资源占有率合理将应用分配大各个服务器上,以保证基础气象数据数据库正常运行。本文主要以德阳市气象局为例,介绍了我局为保证气象基础数据库正常运行采取的一些措施。     

环氧树脂耐候性能的研究

以光稳定剂GW-682、抗氧剂KY-1010、紫外线吸收剂UV-531等抗老化助剂为主,对环氧树脂浇铸体的耐老化性能进行研究,研究其对环氧树脂老化行为的影响,并利用DSC和红外光谱分析手段研究了不同配比的抗老化助剂对环氧树脂浇铸体老化过程的影响,并测定了光老化过程中环氧树脂稳定剂体系物理机械性能,确定了最佳的光稳定剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂配比。     

基于多尺度特征多对抗网络的雾天图像识别

目的 当前的大型数据集,例如ImageNet,以及一些主流的网络模型,如ResNet等能直接高效地应用于正常场景的分类,但在雾天场景下则会出现较大的精度损失。雾天场景复杂多样,大量标注雾天数据成本过高,在现有条件下,高效地利用大量已有场景的标注数据和网络模型完成雾天场景下的分类识别任务至关重要。方法 本文使用了一种低成本的数据增强方法,有效减小图像在像素域上的差异。基于特征多样性和特征对抗的思想,提出多尺度特征多对抗网络,通过提取数据的多尺度特征,增强特征在特征域分布的代表性,利用对抗机制,在多个特征上减少特征域上的分布差异。通过缩小像素域和特征域分布差异,进一步减小领域偏移,提升雾天场景的分类识别精度。结果 在真实的多样性雾天场景数据上,通过消融实验,使用像素域数据增强方法后,带有标签的清晰图像数据在风格上更趋向于带雾图像,总的分类精度提升了8.2%,相比其他的数据增强方法,至少提升了6.3%,同时在特征域上使用多尺度特征多对抗网络,相比其他的网络,准确率至少提升了8.0%。结论 像素域数据增强以及多尺度特征多对抗网络结合的雾天图像识别方法,综合考虑了像素域和特征域的领域分布差异,结合了多尺度的丰富特征信息,同时使用多对抗来缩小雾天数据的领域偏移,在真实多样性雾天数据集上获得了更好的图像分类识别效果。