PAA-PSF交联复合膜的制备及对低浓度有机醇水溶液反渗透分离性能研究

进行了ＰＡＡ（ＰｏｌｙａｃｒｙｌｉｃＡｃｉｄ）－ＰＳＦ（Ｐｏｌｙｓｕｌｆｏｎｅ）交联复合膜的制备，研究了交联剂、添加剂对膜性能的影响，并通过扫描电镜观察了膜的断面结构．研究了ＰＡＡ－ＰＳＦ交联复合膜对低浓度有机醇类水溶液反渗透分离性能．发现对于１０００×１０－６乙醇水溶液截留率达到６６．２％，透过流束可达０．９×１０－６（ｍ３·ｍ－２·ｓ－１）．随醇的分子量的增加，截留率不断上升，对戊醇的截留率达９４．３％，而透过流束则保持相对稳定．对不同结构醇类的分离性能研究表明，截留率存在有：ｔｅｒｔ－＞ｓｅｃ－＞ｉｓｏ－＞ｎ－的规律．     

Dissolved organic carbon of coal slurry transport water

The qualitative and quantitative occurrence and fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching into coal slurry transport water was examined in laboratory-generated coal slurries and wastewaters from the Black Mesa coal slurry pipeline. Laboratory slurries were formulated for both western coals (Wyodak, Montana Rosebud and Black Mesa) and eastern coals (Illinois No. 6 and Pittsburgh No. 8). Sephadex G-25 elution profiles and ultrafiltration studies indicate that the majority of the organic compounds in western coal slurry wastewaters were lower (less than 1000) molecular weight species (62% for Wyodak and 74% for Montana Rosebud). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for these particular wastewaters ranged from 50 to 150 mg l⁻¹ as determined through the use of an electrolytic respirometer. Also, there was a concomitant 51–74% reduction in the DOC levels in the wastewaters. This removal was primarily due to the removal of the lower (< 1000) molecular weight compounds by the seed inoculum. There was no evidence for the presence of mutagenic organics in the raw wastewater.     

Influence of anode material on the electrochemical oxidation of 2-naphthol: Part 2. Bulk electrolysis experiments

The electrochemical oxidation of 2-naphthol has been studied by galvanostatic electrolysis, using a range of electrode materials such as lead dioxide, boron-doped diamond (BDD) and Ti-Ru-Sn ternary oxide anodes. The influence of some operating parameters, such as current density, flow-rate and chloride concentration on naphthol oxidation has been investigated in order to find the optimum experimental conditions. Measurements of chemical oxygen demand, HPLC and total organic carbon have been used to follow the oxidation. The experimental data indicate that on PbO₂ and BDD, naphthol oxidation takes place by reaction with electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals and is favoured by low current density and high flow-rate. On the contrary, on a Ti-Ru-Sn ternary oxide the mineralisation of naphthol occurs only in the presence of chloride ions that act as redox mediators and COD removal is affected by chloride concentration and is not significantly influenced by the current density and mass-transfer coefficient. From a comparison of the results of the three electrodes it has been found that boron-doped diamond gives a faster oxidation rate and better current efficiency.     

微滤法脱除皮革废水中有机物性能的研究

研究了微滤法脱除皮革废水中有机物的性能,并考察了其影响因素,对其主要操作条件进行了优化.试验中以COD指标来表征微滤法对有机物的脱除性能.其对皮革废水中COD去除率约为40%,酸性条件有利于COD去除,最佳操作pH为5,且蛋白质并不是影响皮革废水中COD水平的主导因素.同时比较了微滤法、活性炭吸附、生物吸附、超滤等方法对皮革废水中COD的脱除性能.     

金属有机物化学气相沉积法沉积镍膜的影响因素

为了获得高速沉积镍膜的工艺参数，以羰基镍[Ni(CO)4]为前驱体，用金属有机物化学气相沉积法进行试验，以SEM，DSC，XRD测试分析技术探讨了载气、温度和羰基镍的摩尔分数对沉积速率的影响；也探讨了温度及羰基镍的摩尔分数对镍膜微观形貌的影响。结果表明，以氩气为载气比氦气为载气更容易获得高沉积速率；在沉积温度为150℃左右可获得沉积速率较快、微观形貌较好的薄膜；随羰基镍摩尔分数的增加，沉积速率也明显增大，同时薄膜的微观形貌也变得较为粗大，但达到30％之后，沉积速率增速减缓。     

硝酸铵-有机物体系稳定性的实验研究

以DSC热分析和雷管感度测定方法研究了硅油、磷酸三乙酯、木粉、蔗糖等有机物与硝酸铵按照零氧平衡组成体系的稳定性。木粉和蔗糖中存在的羟基等还原性基团显著降低了体系的热稳定性;硅油和磷酸三乙酯的化学性质尽管稳定,但与硝酸铵适当混合仍具有雷管起爆感度。     

饮用水中氯化消毒副产物的研究进展

自Rook首次报道饮用水中存在三氯甲烷,有关氯化消毒副产物（CDBPs）的研究一直受到广泛关注。该文介绍了CDBPs的研究进展,包括形成机理与影响因素、浓度水平、健康风险及控制技术。指出除天然有机化合物外．应关注水源水中的有毒有害有机物在氯化消毒过程中的变化。     

响应面法优化电解芬顿协同法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液

采用电解芬顿法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液,选取电量、进水 pH 值、进水氨氮浓度3个因素为变量,CODCr 去除率为响应值进行 Box-Behnken 中心组合设计。利用响应面法对试验结果进行分析,建立了 CODCr 去除率为响应值的二阶多项式模型并进行了方差分析和显著性检验,通过解模型逆矩阵得到最佳条件：单位面积电量为23．26 Ah／dm2、pH 值为3．58、进水氨氮浓度56．78 mg／L。在最佳条件下,CODCr 去除率为96．5％,与模型预测值偏差为4．45％,吻合度较高。对电解芬顿深度处理前后的渗滤液进行 GC-MS 分析,表明电解芬顿协同处理技术能有效降解垃圾渗滤液中难生化降解的有机物,将有机物种类从42种降低至21种,是较有效的深度处理技术。     

非极性有机物蒸发热与正常沸点的关联

通过对正烷烃蒸发热、正常沸点与碳数关系的研究,理论推导出蒸发热与正常沸点之间的关系,并拟合得一简单适用的公式:Hυ=23.234×BP1.21256+1502.13。应用于上百种常见非极性有机物,误差较小。     

膜生物反应器与粉末活性炭-膜生物反应器除污染特性对比研究

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和粉末活性炭-膜生物反应器(PAC-MBR)两种工艺处理微污染原水,考察了两阶段进水情况下的除污染效能及初始有机物和氨氮质量浓度对各工艺除污染特性的影响。结果表明,进水有机物含量对MBR和PAC-MBR除污染的效果有较大的影响,当CODMn由(3.67±0.11)mg/L增加至(4.11±0.23)mg/L时,两种工艺对CODMn的去除率分别由(23.1±9.8)%和(37.6±5.5)%增加至(35.4±12.6)%和(43.1±17.0)%。两个阶段各工艺出水的NH3-N质量浓度均小于0.4 mg/L,且系统连续运行过程中出水的NO2--N质量浓度分别低至(7.5±5.8)μg/L和(6.1±3.6)μg/L,显著低于原水中的平均值(76.9±7.6)μg/L。同时发现PAC-MBR工艺中PAC延长了微生物与有机物的接触时间,并为微生物生长提供了载体,可有效提高细菌的总耗氧速率(SOUR),并使生物处理系统中的有机物浓度的临界值降低,从而有效提高整个生物处理系统中有机物和氨氮的去除率。