紫花苜蓿-铜绿假单胞菌联合修复石油污染土壤

选择紫花苜蓿协同铜绿假单胞菌进行石油污染土壤修复,探究植物-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的效果及作用机理,并考察了石油初始含量、植株种植密度、菌剂投加量及营养物对紫花苜蓿-铜绿假单胞菌联合修复效果的影响。结果显示,紫花苜蓿-铜绿假单胞菌联合修复效果明显优于单一紫花苜蓿或铜绿假单胞菌修复,经过56 d的修复,土壤中石油的去除率高达72%。在联合修复体系中,植物与微生物表现出明显的互生作用。当污染土壤中石油初始质量分数为0.6%,紫花苜蓿种植密度为20棵/dm²,土壤中铜绿假单胞菌菌剂投加量为20 g/kg时,污染土壤的修复效果最佳且修复体系能够得以充分利用。适量的氮、磷营养物添加可进一步改善紫花苜蓿-铜绿假单胞菌联合修复效果。     

双组分系统分析预测共生机制

为明确双组分系统在德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和嗜热链球菌共生中起的作用,采用生物信息学手段,对二者的5个菌株的基因组进行扫描,对其中双组分系统进行预测,并进行结构分析及功能预测,旨在从信号调控的角度揭示二者的共生关系.结果表明,德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和嗜热链球菌均含有5～9个双组分系统.其中部分双组分系统涉及调控细菌素合成、蛋白水解能力及建立感受态,推测德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和嗜热链球菌通过以上双组分系统相互协作,进行共生。     

The critical role of urease in yogurt fermentation with various combinations of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus

The protocooperation between Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus relies on metabolite exchanges that accelerate acidification during yogurt fermentation. Conflicting results have been obtained in terms of the effect of the Strep. thermophilus urease and the NH₃ and CO₂ that it generates on the rate of acidification in yogurt fermentation. It is difficult to perform a systematic study of the effects of urease on protocooperation because it is necessary to distinguish among the direct, indirect, and strain-specific effects resulting from the combination of the strains of both species. To evaluate the direct effects of urease on protocooperation, we generated 3 urease-deficient mutants (ΔureC) of fast- and slow-acidifying Strep. thermophilus strains and observed the effects of NH₃ or CO₂ supplementation on acidification by the ΔureC strains. Further, we examined 5 combinations of 3 urease-deficient ΔureC strains with 2 CO₂-responsive or CO₂-unresponsive strains of L. bulgaricus. Urease deficiency induced a shortage of ammonia nitrogen and CO₂ for the fast- and slow-acidifying Strep. thermophilus and for the CO₂-responsive L. bulgaricus, respectively. Notably, the shortage of ammonia nitrogen had more severe effects than that of CO₂ on yogurt fermentation, even if coculture with L. bulgaricus masked the effect of urease deficiency. Our work established (1) that urease deficiency inhibits the fermentative acceleration of protocooperation regardless of the Strep. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus strain combinations, and (2) that urease is an essential factor for effective yogurt acidification.