激光晶体Nd:YVO4的形貌及生长缺陷

本文报道了应用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）和同步辐射X射线白光形貌术对采用提拉法生长出的Nd:YVO4晶体进行的形貌及生长缺陷的分析,获得了该晶体的开裂表面的ESEM形貌像以及取自晶体肩部和中间部位的（001）面的同步辐射白光形貌像,观察到了位错、包裹物等缺陷,可为生长高质量的Nd:YVO4晶体提供重要的启示.     

Micro-RBS characterisation of the chemical composition and particulate deposition on pulsed laser deposited Si1−xGex thin films

The formation and deposition of particulates by pulsed laser deposition of Si_1−xGe_x semiconductor alloy thin films are discussed. Using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry with micrometer lateral resolution (micro-RBS) the film composition was measured with high accuracy, even in the presence of particulates with a high areal density of 20,000–30,000 particulates per mm². We show that on impact of a particulate, the part of the thin film which is already deposited probably melts and its Ge content segregates to the surface.     

Non-destructive evaluation of residual stresses in thin films via x-ray diffraction topography methods

Quantitative x-ray diffraction topography techniques have been used to measure the residual strain magnitude and uniformity of deposition for Mo and W sputtered films on Si(100) substrates. High sensitivity rocking curve measurements were able to determine differential strains for films as thin as 2.5 nm; while Bragg angle contour mapping had similar sensitivity and was also able to assess coating uniformity and stress distribution over areas covering a whole wafer. Measurements of strain versus film thickness over a range of 2.5 nm to 80 nm showed that a critical thickness exists for maximum residual strain. Growth beyond this range produces stress relaxation. This non-destructive type of analysis could be employed on a wide range of film-substrate combinations.     

模型桥墩局部冲刷瞬时地形数据自动获取装备研制

模型试验中冲刷地形测绘装备相对落后,致使桥墩周围局部冲刷瞬时地形数据无法实时获取,冲刷动态发展过程及机理的模型试验研究工作难以开展。研制了一种模型桥墩局部冲刷瞬时地形数据等值线自动绘制装备,并利用室内水工模型试验优化了各组成的性能指标,量化了绘制装备的设计参数,分析了监测系统在模型应用中的测绘精度及在工程原型中的适用性。模型试验研究表明,该装备结构简单,操作方便,加工制作成本较低,精度及灵敏性较高,能够快速获取动态过程中局部冲刷瞬时地形等值线,适用于局部冲刷发展影响流场特性研究中的水下地形快速测绘,也可按放大比尺制作成型后应用于涉水建筑物周围水下地形监测。     

An improved cutting force and surface topography prediction model in end milling

During the milling operation, the cutting forces will induce vibration on the cutting tool, the workpiece, and the fixtures, which will affect the surface integrity of the final part and consequently the product's quality. In this paper, a generic and improved model is introduced to simultaneously predict the conventional cutting forces along with 3D surface topography during side milling operation. The model incorporates the effects of tool runout, tool deflection, system dynamics, flank face wear, and the tool tilting on the surface roughness. An improved technique to calculate the instantaneous chip thickness is also presented. The model predictions on cutting forces and surface roughness and topography agreed well with experimental results.     

深海海底观测网络水下接驳盒原型系统设计与实现

为实现深海海底观测网络的长期连续观测,设计一套基于水下接驳技术的接驳盒原型系统.通过分析接驳盒体系结构,采用多个耐压密封腔体作为水下接驳盒的机电集成封装结构,完成耐压腔体机械结构和散热结构设计.在实验的基础上,利用MOSFET器件以输入串联和输出并联相结合的方式,把2kV高压直流电转换为400V中压直流电,实现深海远距离高压直流电能传输.针对深海观测仪器设备通信的实时性要求,采用基于TCP/IP的光以太网技术和应用层自定义协议技术来实现通信控制.实验验证了在40MPa下,水下接驳盒原型系统能够正常工作.该水下接驳盒原型系统合理且实用,为实现深海海底观测网络的长期连续观测提供了技术支撑.     

表面三维形貌测量及其评定的研究

对表面三维形貌测量技术展开了较为全面的研究,测量过程由相移,采样,相位提取及数据处理等部分组成．整个测量系统采用激光为干涉光源,CCD为图像传感器,压电陶瓷提供微小位移,通过图像采集卡将干涉条纹采集到计算机内存．文中采用上述理论对标准样块进行了测量,计算机得到表面三维形貌图,根据建立的基准面分离出粗糙度信息,并由给出的参数评定数学模型,编制出合理的软件,计算出零件表面的三维参数．最后给出实验结果和分析,并提出下一步研究工作的设想．     

冷轧界面油膜厚度对表面形貌转印过程的影响

为研究冷连轧过程中接触界面润滑油膜厚度对表面形貌转印过程的影响,在跟踪实际生产中带钢表面形貌的基础上,结合轧辊表面磨损形貌以及润滑分析确定的界面油膜分布,建立真实表面接触的带钢形貌生成模型,用跟踪测量轧辊服役期内生产带钢表面的粗糙度对模型进行验证.利用模型分析在不同磨损状态下电火花毛化轧辊油膜厚度对转印形成带钢表面形貌的影响规律.结果表明:轧辊表面处于不同磨损状态时,带钢表面Ra的转印率随着油膜厚度的增加而减小;轧辊表面磨损后转印形成的带钢表面P_c的转印率在油膜厚度增加的初期基本保持不变,而后急剧减小.     

Topography of the flank wear surface

In many applications, topography represents the main external features of a surface. This paper describes the topography of the flank wear surface and also presents the relationship between the maximum flank wear and the topography parameters (roughness parameters) of the flank wear surface during the turning operation. A modern CNC lathe machine (Okuma LH35-N) was used for the machine turning operation. Three-dimensional surface roughness parameters of the flank wear surface were measured by a surface texture instrument (from Talysurf series) using surface topography software (Talymap). Based on the resulting experimental data, it is found that as the flank wear increases, the roughness parameters (sR_a, sR_q, and sR_t) on the flank surface increase significantly. The greater the roughness value of the flank wear surface, the higher the friction of the tool on the workpiece and the greater the heat generation that will occur, thus ultimately causing tool failure. On the other hand, positive skewness (sR_sk) indicates the presence of a small number of spikes on the flank surface of the cutting tool, which could quickly wear off during the machining process.     

3D surface topography assessment of the effect of different electrolytes during electrochemical polishing of EDM surfaces

In many countries the most common polishing practice in die making is to hand polish the part as a finishing operation after the electro discharge machining process (EDM). The usual polishing abrasives are silicon carbide paper and diamond paste of different grit sizes.However, during the last decade researchers especially in Japan and the USA have tried to combine EDM and electrochemical machining (ECM) in one machine so as to use the positive aspects of each individual process. The ECM process uses high density, typically 50 A/cm², and also a pulse current with a servo-controlled electrode. These investigators have mostly used sodium nitrate solutions (of different concentrations) as the electrolyte.This paper deals with an experiment that was undertaken in order to assess the effect of four different electrolytes in an electrochemical polishing process (ECP) on the surface topography of EDM surfaces. The primary set of 3D surface parameters was used as a basis to characterise the surface produced by the combined processes in different electrolytic media.